Asociación entre fragilidad e incontinencia urinaria y sus efectos en resultados adversos para la salud de adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad: Una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i3.50799

Palabras clave:

Adultos mayores, Fragilidad, Incontinencia urinaria, Salud de los adultos mayores.

Resumen

Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo examinar la asociación entre fragilidad e incontinencia urinaria (IU) y su impacto en desenlaces adversos de salud en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad. La revisión se realizó de acuerdo con la declaración PRISMA 2020, con la pregunta de investigación estructurada mediante el marco PECO, e incluyó estudios observacionales publicados entre 2021 y 2025, identificados a través de búsquedas en PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science y LILACS. Se incluyeron veinte estudios, con un total de 58.347 adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad. Los hallazgos demostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre fragilidad e IU en el 90% de los estudios incluidos, lo que respalda una relación bidireccional en la que la fragilidad aumentó el riesgo de IU, mientras que la IU también se asoció con la progresión de la fragilidad. La coexistencia de estas condiciones se relacionó principalmente con un mayor riesgo de caídas, deterioro funcional, peor calidad de vida y mayor utilización de los servicios de salud. Los hallazgos sobre mortalidad, hospitalización e institucionalización fueron menos consistentes, posiblemente debido a la heterogeneidad metodológica entre los estudios. En conclusión, la fragilidad y la IU son condiciones coexistentes frecuentes y clínicamente relevantes entre los adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de un tamizaje integrado y de intervenciones multidisciplinarias en la Atención Primaria de Salud. No obstante, se requieren más estudios longitudinales estandarizados.

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Publicado

2026-03-19

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Asociación entre fragilidad e incontinencia urinaria y sus efectos en resultados adversos para la salud de adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad: Una revisión sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 3, p. e5915350799, 2026. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v15i3.50799. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/50799. Acesso em: 24 mar. 2026.