Análisis comparativo de la rugosidad y microdureza de dos resinas monocromáticas: estudio in vitro y caracterización microestructural
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i4.50836Palabras clave:
Resinas compuestas, Microdureza, Rugosidad superficial, Microscopía electrónica de barrido, Odontología estética.Resumen
Las resinas monocromáticas se desarrollaron como una alternativa mejorada a las resinas compuestas gracias a su tecnología cromática inteligente, que mejora la estética y simplifica la práctica clínica.. El objetivo fue realizar un análisis comparativo en laboratorio de la rugosidad superficial y la microdureza de dos resinas compuestas monocromáticas, Vittra APS Unique (FGM, Brasil) y Palfique Omnichroma (Tokuyama Dental, Japón), asociando los resultados a la caracterización microestructural de los materiales. Las muestras se prepararon de acuerdo con las normas internacionales de la Sociedad Americana de Pruebas y Materiales y la Organización Internacional de Normalización (ASTM E384, ASTM D7127 e ISO 25178-2). Los cuerpos de prueba se sometieron a ensayos de microdureza Vickers y análisis de rugosidad con rugosímetro 3D por interferometría láser, complementados con microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEV) y espectroscopia de energía dispersiva (EDS). Los resultados demuestran que, en relación con la rugosidad superficial, Palfique Omnichroma presentó valores numéricamente superiores, pero con una topografía superficial más homogénea y una superficie más uniforme en comparación con Vittra APS Unique. En la prueba de microdureza, Vittra APS Unique presentó valores medios significativamente más altos (p<0,05), aunque con mayor dispersión y heterogeneidad estructural observada en las micrografías. El análisis de la microestructura morfológica de los materiales odontológicos se utilizó como herramienta esencial para asociar las pruebas de propiedades mecánicas y ópticas y explicar sus resultados. Se concluye que las resinas monocromáticas representan una innovación relevante en la odontología restauradora, ya que combinan propiedades ópticas avanzadas de mimetización con la simplificación de la selección del color, lo que reduce el tiempo clínico y las variables estéticas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Manuella Freire Marzullo, Giulia Trotta Panaro, Mariana Vasconcellos Bazoli, Carlos Elias, Patrick de Lima Vieira, Carolina de Assis Pinto Ferreira, Inger Teixeira de Campos Tuñas
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