Intervenciones basadas en antioxidantes en modelos animales de depresión: Una revisión sistemática de la evidencia preclínica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i5.51030Palabras clave:
Antioxidantes, Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno, Trastornos por Estrés, Trastorno Depresivo.Resumen
La evidencia sugiere que el estrés oxidativo contribuye significativamente a la manifestación de comportamientos relacionados con la depresión en modelos animales. En el sistema nervioso central, esta condición desencadena daño celular al incrementar la expresión de especies reactivas de oxígeno y comprometer la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes como la catalasa, la superóxido dismutasa y el sistema de glutatión. Además, la inducción de estrés oxidativo mediante estrés crónico leve o la administración crónica de corticosterona (CORT) eleva los niveles plasmáticos de CORT, resultando en una hiperactivación del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal. Este desequilibrio, particularmente en regiones como el hipotálamo, la corteza prefrontal y el estriado, favorece la expresión de conductas de tipo depresivo en estos modelos animales. En este contexto, sustancias antioxidantes como el cannabidiol, el resveratrol y la silimarina han sido ampliamente investigadas por su potencial para revertir estos comportamientos. Por lo tanto, esta revisión tiene como objetivo analizar la literatura de los últimos 10 años acerca de la relación entre el estrés oxidativo y los comportamientos de tipo depresivo en modelos animales, así como evaluar la eficacia de los antioxidantes en la reversión de estas conductas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Gabriel Borges da Silva, Laura Borges Gomes, Erika Renata Barbosa Neiro
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