Alterações hematológicas e hemostasia na COVID-19: uma revisão de literatura

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19409

Palavras-chave:

COVID-19, Vírus da SARS, Hemograma, Plaquetas, Linfócitos, Índices de Eritrócitos.

Resumo

A COVID-19 é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, o qual pertence à nova cepa do coronavírus, identificado na China no início de dezembro de 2019. Essa infecção apresenta sintomas leves e graves, podendo levar à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave. Dessa forma, a necessidade de um perfil hematológico laboratorial da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e seu monitoramento, torna-se de grande valia para auxiliar no prognóstico e tratamento da doença. Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo traçar o perfil hematológico decorrente da infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, identificando as principais alterações encontradas no leucograma, eritrograma e plaquetograma. Para a elaboração deste estudo foi realizada uma busca eletrônica em diversos bancos de dados. As alterações hematológicas mais frequentemente encontradas foram linfopenia, leucopenia, neutrofilia associada à leucocitose, eosinopenia, redução de hemoglobina, trombocitopenia e agregação plaquetária, além das alterações morfológicas. A anemia não foi observada de forma notável, mas a redução da hemoglobina foi evidente em relação a pacientes saudáveis. Os fatores de coagulação associados à redução de plaquetas assim como a sua hiper ativação foram alterados em pacientes graves. Essas alterações demonstram o estado de hipercoagulabilidade presente em pacientes graves com COVID-19, resultando em quadros de microtrombos em vários órgãos, sendo esta uma das complicações mais graves da COVID-19. Sendo assim, a contagem de plaquetas e as alterações dos parâmetros associados às plaquetas são atualmente uma preocupação. Contudo, com o levantamento realizado, fica evidente que a inflamação associada a um dano oxidativo elevado irá comprometer a hemostasia e fisiologia leucocitária de pacientes com COVID-19.

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2021-08-27

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Alterações hematológicas e hemostasia na COVID-19: uma revisão de literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 11, p. e171101119409, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19409. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/19409. Acesso em: 5 dez. 2025.