Toxoplasma gondii: Aspectos celulares do parasita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i1.48052Palavras-chave:
Toxoplasmose, Patogênese, Caracterização molecular, Resposta imunológica.Resumo
Objetivo: O Toxoplasma gondii é um protozoário intracelular obrigatório de significativa preocupação veterinária e médica, pois causa toxoplasmose, uma doença facilmente transmissível e que se apresenta em várias formas infecciosas. Esta revisão tem como objetivo explorar as complexidades da transmissão e patogênese de T. gondii, bem como os desafios no desenvolvimento de vacinas eficazes. Metodologia: Para a produção do artigo, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com base em livros e artigos experimentais por meio de buscas no Google, bases de dados acadêmicas e PubMed. Impacto: A toxoplasmose continua sendo um problema veterinário e de saúde pública generalizado, particularmente em indivíduos imunocomprometidos, onde a doença pode levar a resultados mais graves. Destacamos a análise abrangente do ciclo de vida de T. gondii, rotas de transmissão e mecanismos de infecção do hospedeiro. A revisão enfoca a capacidade do parasita de invadir células nucleadas no hospedeiro intermediário, como macrófagos, células epiteliais e células neurais e musculares, levando à formação de cistos que contribuem para a infecção crônica. Apesar de inúmeros estudos sobre o parasita, a falta de uma vacina eficaz continua a dificultar o progresso na prevenção e controle da doença. Descobertas e contribuições únicas: Esta revisão destaca os mecanismos sofisticados pelos quais T. gondii infecta as células hospedeiras e a cronicidade da doença por meio da formação de cistos. Ele enfatiza a lacuna contínua no desenvolvimento de vacinas, ressaltando a necessidade urgente de abordagens inovadoras para o design de vacinas. O estudo oferece uma perspectiva crítica sobre a compreensão atual da biologia do T. gondii e os desafios na criação de imunidade duradoura contra a toxoplasmose, tornando-se uma contribuição valiosa para o campo.
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