Eletrocoagulação de águas residuais domésticas: Revisão sistemática dos efeitos operacionais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i5.48700Palavras-chave:
Eletrocoagulação, Águas residuais, Sustentabilidade, Poluição, Intensidade elétrica, Tecnologia ambiental.Resumo
O objetivo desta revisão é avaliar a eficácia da eletrocoagulação (EC) como uma alternativa sustentável para o processo de purificação de efluentes domésticos, considerando seu potencial na remoção de contaminantes, viabilidade técnica e econômica, e impacto na proteção da saúde pública e dos ecossistemas. Esta revisão sistemática avalia a EC como uma opção sustentável para o tratamento de águas residuais domésticas, com ênfase na remoção de poluentes. Foram analisados o design de reatores, materiais dos eletrodos, parâmetros operacionais e desafios econômicos e tecnológicos com base na literatura existente. Os resultados revelam que a EC alcança eficiências de remoção superiores a 90% para demanda química de oxigênio, turbidez e matéria orgânica, especialmente com eletrodos de alumínio ou combinações de alumínio e ferro. No entanto, o pH, a intensidade elétrica e o design do reator são fatores críticos para o seu desempenho. Embora os custos operacionais sejam superiores aos dos métodos convencionais, a EC se destaca por sua versatilidade e menor geração de lodo. Este estudo conclui que a EC apresenta um potencial significativo para a purificação de efluentes domésticos, embora sua viabilidade industrial exija a otimização do consumo de energia e a redução de custos.
Referências
Al-Raad, A., Hanafiah, M., Samir, A., Ajeel, M., Basheer, A., Aljayashi, T., & Toriman, M. (2019). Treatment of Saline Water Using Electrocoagulation with Combined Electrical Connection of Electrodes. Processes, 7, 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7050242
Anima. (2014). Revisão bibliográfica sistemática integrativa. Biblioteca Virtual de Enfermagem. https://biblioteca.cofen.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/manual_revisao_bibliografica-sistematica-integrativa.pdf
Armaignac, E. O., & Cortón, R. H. (2010). Tecnología química vol. xxx, no. 1, 2010 21 estudio del proceso de electrocoagulación de la vinaza empleando electrodos de hierro. 1. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4455/445543769003.pdf
Aryanti, P. T. P., Nugroho, F. A., Phalakornkule, C., & Kadier, A. (2024). Energy efficiency in electrocoagulation processes for sustainable water and wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 12(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.114124
Barışçı, S., & Turkay, O. (2016). Domestic greywater treatment by electrocoagulation using hybrid electrode combinations. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 10, 56-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.01.015
Boinpally, S., Kolla, A., Kainthola, J., Kodali, R., & Vemuri, J. (2023a). A state-of-the-art review of the electrocoagulation technology for wastewater treatment. Water Cycle, 4, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2023.01.001
Boinpally, S., Kolla, A., Kainthola, J., Kodali, R., & Vemuri, J. (2023b). A state-of-the-art review of the electrocoagulation technology for wastewater treatment. Water Cycle, 4, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2023.01.001
Cañizares, P., Martínez, F., Jiménez, C., Sáez, C., & Rodrigo, M. A. (2009). Technical and economic comparison of conventional and electrochemical coagulation processes. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 84(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2102
Ebba, M., Asaithambi, P., & Alemayehu, E. (2022). Development of electrocoagulation process for wastewater treatment: Optimization by response surface methodology. Heliyon, 8, e09383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09383
Espinoza, F. R., Romani, M., Borba, C. E., Módenes, A. N., Utzig, C. F., & Dall’Oglio, I. C. (2020). A mathematical approach based on the Nernst-Planck equation for the total electric voltage demanded by the electrocoagulation process: Effects of a time-dependent electrical conductivity. Chemical Engineering Science, 220, 115626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.115626
Espitia, M. Á. M., Bermúdez, J. D. C., & Valencia, R. N. A. (2022). Electrocoagulación con electrodos de aluminio para tratamiento de aguas residuales de curtiembres en Villapinzón, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Revista Mutis, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.21789/22561498.1783
Gasmi, A., Soumaya, I., Noureddine, E., Mohamed, A. T., Djamel, G., aHMED, H. A. M., Badreddine, A., & Ayadi,l. K. (2022). Comparative Study of Chemical Coagulation and Electrocoagulation for the Treatment of Real Textile Wastewater: Optimization and Operating Cost Estimation. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c01652
Grossetti, M. D. G. (2012). Revisión integrativa de la investigación en enfermería, el rigor científico que se le exige. Scielo Brazil, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-14472012000200002
Herrera, L., Sigcha, P., & Banchón, C. (2024). Boosting BOD/COD biodegradability of automobile service stations wastewater by electrocoagulation. Water Science and Technology, 90(9), 2399-2412. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2024.357
Ibrahim, M. S., Abbas, S. H., & Al-Shami, A. (2023). Taguchi approach for electrocoagulation for treatment of methyl red dye from textile wastewater by using different connection electrodes. Desalination and Water Treatment, 297, 240-253. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29614
Javed, A., & Ayesha, M. (2023). A critical review of electrocoagulation and other electrochemical methods .International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. https://www.iscientific.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/13-IJCBS-23-23-21.pdf
Javonic, T., Velinov N., Petrovic, M., Bojic, D., Radovic, M., & Bojic A. (2021). Pregled mehanizma procesa elektrokoagulacije i njegova primena za prečišćavanje otpadnih voda. https://scindeks.ceon.rs/Article.aspx?artid=2406-29792101063J
Koyuncu, S., & Arıman, S. (2020). Domestic wastewater treatment by real-scale electrocoagulation process. Water Science and Technology, 81(4), 656-667. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.128
Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Jiang, W., Wu, M., & Li, Z. (2021). Comprehensive review of floc growth and structure using electrocoagulation: Characterization, measurement, and influencing factors. Chemical Engineering Journal, 417, 129310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129310
Limón, H. R. A., Xochihua, L. J,. López, I., Hernández, M.O., & Morales, E. M (2023). Aplicaciones de la electrocoagulación en el tratamiento de agua residual industrial. Revista multidisciplinaria de ciencia, innovación y desarrollo. https://remcid.utgz.edu.mx/Archivos/Vol2/Articulo%202.1-1.pdf
López, M., Flores-Hidalgo, M. A., & Reynoso-Cuevas, L. (2021a). Electrocoagulation Process: An Approach to Continuous Processes, Reactors Design, Pharmaceuticals Removal, and Hybrid Systems—A Review. Processes, 9(10), 1831. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9101831
López, G. M., Flores-Hidalgo, M. A., & Reynoso-Cuevas, L. (2021). Electrocoagulation Process: An Approach to Continuous Processes, Reactors Design, Pharmaceuticals Removal, and Hybrid Systems—A Review. Processes, 9(10), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9101831
Lu, J., Zhang, P., & Li, J. (2021). Electrocoagulation technology for water purification: An update review on reactor design and some newly concerned pollutants removal. Journal of Environmental Management, 296, 113259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113259
Mao, Y., Zhao, Y., & Cotterill, S. (2023). Examining Current and Future Applications of Electrocoagulation in Wastewater Treatment. Water, 15(8), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081455
Marlina, E., Purwanto, P., & Sudarno, S. (2021). COD removal, decolorization, and energy consumption of electrocoagulation as a wastewater treatment process. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 896(1), 012043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/896/1/012043
Mejía, A. P. R., Ruiz, Á. A., & Giraldo, L. F. G. (2006). Electrocoagulation: Challenges and opportunities in water treatment. 1(2). https://repository.unilasallista.edu.co/server/api/core/bitstreams/d486fa2e-5e9b-4217-82cd-6d0e899ca78f/content
Mousazadeh, M., Khademi, N., Kabdaşlı, I., Rezaei, S., Hajalifard, Z., Moosakhani, Z., & Hashim, K. (2023). Domestic greywater treatment using electrocoagulation-electrooxidation process: Optimisation and experimental approaches. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15852.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42831-6
Muñoz, E. M. A., Cortés, B. J. D., & Agudelo, R. N. V. Electrocoagulación con electrodos de aluminio para tratamiento de aguas residuales de curtiembres en Villapinzón, Cundinamarca, Colombia. http://dx.doi.org/10.21789/22561498.1783
Ndjomgoue,Y. A. C ., & . Nanseui,N. E. P. (2022). Effect of pH on Escherichia coli Removal by Electrocoagulation and Elimination Kinetics after Treatment. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5249368
Omwene, P. I., Kobya, M., & Can, O. T. (2018). Phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater in electrocoagulation reactor using aluminium and iron plate hybrid anodes. Ecological Engineering, 123, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.08.025
Othmani, A., Kadier, A., Singh, R., Igwegbe, C. A., Bouzid, M., Aquatar, M. O., Khanday, W. A., Bote, M. E., Damiri, F., Gökkuş, Ö., & Sher, F. (2022). A comprehensive review on green perspectives of electrocoagulation integrated with advanced processes for effective pollutants removal from water environment. Environmental Research, 215, 114294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114294
Pereira, A. S., Moreira, D., Parreira, F., & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodología da pesquisa científica. Repositorio.ufsm.br. https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1
Soberanis, P . M., Martín, A., González, C. A., Prieto, F., Guevara-Lara, A., & García J. E. (2011). Revisión de variables de diseño y condiciones de operación en la electrocoagulación. Revista mexicana de ingeniería química, 10(2), Article 2. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S166527382011000200010&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Qadir, M., Jones, E., y Drechsel, P. (2024). Domestic wastewater generation, treatment, and agricultural reuse. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4427017/v1
Rabayah, H., Lafi, W., Abushgair, K., & Assbeihat, J. M. (2016). Comparison of Coagulation, Electrocoagulation and Biological Techniques for the Municipal Wastewater Treatment. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,11,11014-11024. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312328393_Comparison_of_Coagulation_Electrocoagulation_and_Biological_Techniques_for_the_Municipal_Wastewater_Treatment
Rakhi, M. S. (2021). Wastewater Treatment Using Electrocoagulation. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology. National Institute of Technology (NIT) Tiruchirappalli - Department of Energy and Environment. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3846167
Rithish, R., & Savithiri, V. (2024) Comparative study of novel iron mesh and solid electrodes for TDS removal from domestic wastewater by electrocoagulation | AIP Conference Proceedings | AIP Publishing. (s. f.).
Run-Feng Chen, R. F., Wu, L. H., Zhong, C. X., & Qiao, C. H. Evaluation of electrocoagulation process for high-strength swine wastewater pretreatment. Separation and Purification Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118900
Sushila, S., & Kumar, P. (2024). Pollution Load Reduction from Domestic Wastewater with Electrocoagulation Process for Agricultural Reuse. Indian Journal Of Science And Technology, 17(14), 1409-1418. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v17i14.168
Shahedi, A., Darban, A. K., Taghipour, F., & Jamshidi-Zanjani, A. (2020). A review on industrial wastewater treatment via electrocoagulation processes. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 22, 154-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2020.05.009
Sridevi, V., Sahithi, K., & Sujatha, V. (2020). Application of Electrocoagulation Technique in Textile Wastewater Treatment: A Review. International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering, 06(04), Article 04. https://doi.org/10.29294/IJASE.6.4.2020.1533-1537
Tabash, I., Elnakar, H., & Khan, M. F. (2024). Optimization of iron electrocoagulation parameters for enhanced turbidity and chemical oxygen demand removal from laundry greywater. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 16468. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67425-8
Tariq, A., & Mushtaq, A. (2023). Untreated Wastewater Reasons and Causes: A Review of Most Affected Areas and Cities. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical. https://www.iscientific.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/15-IJCBS-23-23-22.pdf
Tello, M. V. C., Meneses, P. A., & Ortíz, M. P. (2019). Tratamiento de agua residual procedente de lavadoras por el método de electrocoagulación para la reutilización en riego de vegetales – Ate Vitarte. Revista del Instituto de investigación de la Facultad de minas, metalurgia y ciencias geográficas, 22(44), Article 44. https://doi.org/10.15381/iigeo.v1i1.17287
Widyarani, Wulan, D. R., Hamidah, U., Komarulzaman, A., Rosmalina, R. T., & Sintawardani, N. (2022). Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: Generation, characteristics and treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 29(22), 32397-32414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19057-6
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Jhon Castillo; Yordy Moreira; Carlos Banchón
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
