Governança local na resposta à COVID-19: Desafios, estratégias e lições, uma revisão integrativa multinacional

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i7.49187

Palavras-chave:

Governança local, Políticas públicas, COVID-19, Resposta pandêmica, Coordenação intergovernamental, Gestão de crises sanitárias.

Resumo

Esta revisão integrativa analisa o papel da governança local no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 em diversos países, com base em 39 artigos científicos publicados entre 2020 e abril de 2025 nas bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct e Google acadêmico. Os resultados destacam que a eficácia das respostas à crise sanitária esteve intrinsecamente vinculada à capacidade adaptativa dos governos locais, à coordenação intergovernamental e à participação social. Foram identificadas seis categorias-chave: (i) capacidade adaptativa e resiliência; (ii) estruturas de coordenação; (iii) fatores habilitadores (recursos, liderança); (iv) desafios estruturais (fragmentação, subfinanciamento); (v) participação social; e (vi) variações contextuais. Países como China, Coreia do Sul e Bangladesh destacaram-se pela articulação local-comunitária, enquanto Brasil, Suécia e Zimbábue enfrentaram limitações devido à centralização e fragilidades federativas. Conclui-se que a autonomia decisória, o financiamento adequado e a cooperação multinível são críticos para respostas eficazes em crises sanitárias. Recomenda-se o fortalecimento de arranjos institucionais locais para futuras emergências. Esta revisão integrativa situa-se entre as pioneiras ao apresentar uma análise comparativa multinacional sobre governança local na COVID-19, mediante um arcabouço analítico com categorias aplicáveis a futuras crises sanitárias, gerando insights práticos para o desenho de sistemas de governança descentralizados.

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2025-07-10

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Governança local na resposta à COVID-19: Desafios, estratégias e lições, uma revisão integrativa multinacional. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 7, p. e3014749187, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i7.49187. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49187. Acesso em: 5 dez. 2025.