Matriz derivada de esmalte em periodontia: Resultados clínicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i12.50428Palavras-chave:
Proteínas do esmalte dentário, Reabsorção óssea, Regeneração tecidual guiada periodontal.Resumo
A busca por biomateriais capazes de estimular a regeneração dos tecidos periodontais é constante. A literatura descreve amplamente a utilização de diferentes biomateriais e técnicas cirúrgicas, como enxertos ósseos, regeneração tecidual guiada e fatores de crescimento. Com a descoberta das proteínas derivadas da matriz do esmalte em 1997, surgiu uma nova perspectiva para as terapias regenerativas periodontais. Desde então, a matriz derivada do esmalte (MDE) passou a receber destaque devido à sua capacidade moduladora dos processos regenerativos. A MDE tem sido avaliada em diferentes abordagens terapêuticas periodontais, incluindo defeitos supra-ósseos e infra-ósseos, lesões inter-radiculares (furca) e recessões gengivais, bem como em associação com diversos biomateriais. O objetivo desse estudo foi elucidar, por meio de uma revisão da literatura atualizada, os resultados clínicos das diferentes aplicações da MDE e suas possibilidades regenerativas na terapia periodontal contemporânea. Os estudos analisados indicam que a anatomia dos defeitos exerce influência direta nos resultados clínicos, sendo observadas maiores melhorias em defeitos infra-ósseos mais profundos. No tratamento desses defeitos, especialmente os verticais e as lesões de furca mandibulares, a MDE apresenta resultados significativos quando associada à terapia periodontal básica, embora não demonstre superioridade em relação ao uso de membranas. Em recessões gengivais, a MDE mostra benefícios nos parâmetros clínicos e contribui para o processo de revascularização. Quanto à associação com outros biomateriais, a literatura aponta vantagem principalmente quando combinada ao enxerto ósseo bovino. Já sua associação com osso autógeno, biovidros e plasma rico em fibrina não apresenta benefícios adicionais significativos. Assim, os resultados reforçam seu uso.
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