Maturação biológica, carga de treinamento e risco de lesão no futebol de base: Uma revisão integrativa sobre desempenho, adaptações ao esforço e estratégias de desenvolvimento esportivo seguras em atletas jovens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i1.50542Palavras-chave:
Crescimento e Desenvolvimento, Treinamento, Lesões Esportivas, Futebol.Resumo
A presente revisão integrativa teve como objetivo analisar a influência da maturação biológica na prescrição das cargas de treinamento e no risco de lesões em atletas do futebol de base. A busca foi realizada nas bases PubMed, SciELO e LILACS, considerando estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2025, com amostras compostas por atletas do sexo masculino, entre as categorias Sub-11 e Sub-23. Foram incluídos 31 estudos que abordaram aspectos fisiológicos, biomecânicos e perceptivos relacionados ao estágio maturacional. Os achados indicam que a maturação exerce impacto significativo nas respostas neuromusculares, adaptações ao treinamento, percepção de esforço e suscetibilidade a lesões. O período circa-PVC foi identificado como uma janela crítica, exigindo controle rigoroso das cargas e protocolos de exercício individualizados. Estratégias como bio-banding, classificação maturacional e ajuste de carga com base em indicadores subjetivos e objetivos mostraram-se eficazes para mitigar riscos e otimizar o desenvolvimento atlético de longo prazo. Conclui-se que a consideração do estágio maturacional é essencial para uma prescrição segura e eficiente, devendo substituir abordagens baseadas exclusivamente na idade cronológica no contexto do futebol de base.
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