Methanol intoxication in humans: Global overview and recent evidence in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i1.49876Keywords:
Methanol, Poisoning, Health surveillance, Public health.Abstract
This article analyzes methanol poisoning in humans, addressing the global panorama, toxic mechanisms, major outbreaks, and recent evidence from Brazil. The discussion is based on an integrative review of studies presenting epidemiological data, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, therapeutic approaches, and information from national and international institutions such as the Ministry of Health, ANVISA (National Health Surveillance Agency), ANP (National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels), and the World Health Organization (WHO). Worldwide, methanol poisoning outbreaks occur frequently and are often associated with high mortality rates. Methanol is metabolized into formaldehyde and subsequently into formic acid, resulting in severe metabolic acidosis, neurological impairment, and a high risk of blindness or death. In Brazil, the 2025 outbreak was the most severe recorded, with 73 cases and 22 deaths, primarily in the state of São Paulo. Diagnostic challenges, limited availability of antidotes, and failures in product regulation contributed to adverse outcomes. Strengthening health surveillance, improving product traceability, expanding access to treatment, and promoting educational campaigns are essential strategies to prevent future outbreaks.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Andréa Silva Ferreira, Andreza Moreira Siqueira, Beatriz Oliveira da Silva, Najla Santos Jesus, Rodrigo Silva Ferreira, Samile Silva do Nascimento, Helianildes Silva Ferreira
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