Antifungal action on phytopathogens and activity of defense-related enzymes in wheat by propolis ethanolic extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i12.49931Keywords:
Triticum aestivum, Resistance induction, Plant health, Apis mellifera.Abstract
Propolis is widely known for its antimicrobial effects. Several studies have been aimed at understanding its effects on human health, but information on its use and mechanisms of action for controlling plant diseases is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the action of propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) on wheat phytopathogens and the induction of defense-related enzymes in this crop. The antifungal activity was evaluated against the fungi that cause wheat diseases Pyricularia grisea (wheat blast), Fusarium graminearum (head blight), Bipolaris sorokiniana (spot blotch), and Puccinia triticina (rust). Concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2% of PEE were evaluated. In a greenhouse experiment, the activity of peroxidases and polyphenoloxidases was evaluated in wheat plants subjected to application of concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2% PEE at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after application. PEE showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on all fungi tested, although there was no complete inhibition of growth. For peroxidases and polyphenoloxidases, there was no significant effect (p<0.05) at the different PEE concentrations and times analyzed. The results demonstrate inhibitory action on wheat phytopathogens, although there is a need for greater understanding of the effect and mechanisms under field conditions.
References
Alvarenga, T. C.; Silva Neto, H. F.; Ogassavara, F. O.; Arantes, F.C.; Marques, M. O.; & Frigieri, M .C. (2011). Polifenoloxidase: uma enzima intrigante. Ciência & Tecnologia, 3(1), 83-93.
Alhudhaibi, A. M., Ibrahim, M. A .R., & Abd-Elaziz, S. M. S. et al. (2024). Enhancing salt stress tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings: insights from trehalose and mannitol. BMC Plant Biology, 24, 472. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04964-2.
Bankova, V.; & Popova, M. (2023). Propolis: Harnessing nature’s hidden treasure for sustainable agriculture. Agrochemicals, 2(4), 581-597. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrochemicals2040033.
Campos, Â. D.; Ferreira, A. G.; Hampe, M. M. V.; Antunes, I. F.; Brancão, N.; Silveira, E. P.; Osório, V. A.; & Augustin, E. (2004). Atividade de peroxidase e polifenoloxidase na resistência do feijão à antracnose. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 39(7), 637-643. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2004000700004.
Carvalho, G. J. L.; & Sodré, G. S. (2021). Application of propolis in agriculture. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 88, 1-8, e0632019. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000632019.
Cibanal, I. L., Fernández, L. A., Rodriguez, S. A.; Pellegrini, C. N.; & Gallez, L. N. (2022). Propolis extract combined with oregano essential oil applied to lima bean seeds against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. European Journal Plant Pathology, 164, 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-022-02536-4.
Cora, M.; Esertas, U. Z. U.; Kara, Y.; & Kolayli, S. (2024). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiproliferative properties of Turkish propolis sample. European Food Research and Technology, 251,123-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-024-04618-5
Costa, A. P.; Moura, G. S.; Gebauer, J. T.; & Franzener, G. (2019). Extrato aquoso e óleo essencial de gengibre induzem mecanismos bioquímicos de defesa em feijoeiro. Revista de Agricultura Neotropical, 6(2), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.32404/rean.v6i2.2721.
Davari, M., & Ezazi, R. (2022) Mycelial inhibitory effects of antagonistic fungi, plant essential oils and propolis against five phytopathogenic Fusarium species. Archives Microbiology, 204, 480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03102-6.
Duangmal, K.; & Apenten, R. K .O. (1999). A comparative estudy of poliphenoloxidases from taro (Colocasia esculenta) e potato (Solanum tuberosum var. Romano). Food Chemistry, 64, 351-359.
Etebarian, A.; Alhouei, B.; Mohammadi-Nasrabad, F.; & Esfarjani, F. (2024). Propolis as a functional food and promising agent for oral health and microbiota balance: A review study. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(8), 5329-5340. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4216.
Ferreira, D. F. (2007) SISVAR: Sistema de análise de variância para dados balanceados, versão 5.0. Lavras: DEX/UFLA, 2007. Software.
Jaski, J. M.; Telaxka, F. J.; Moura, G. S.; & Franzener, G. (2019). Green propolis ethanolic extract in bean plant protection against bacterial diseases. Ciência Rural, v. 49(6), e20180597. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20180597.
Kalboush, Z. A.; Mazrou, Y. S. A.; Elzan, S. H.; Zanaty, E. M.; Gazzy, A. A.; Gomaa, M. B. M.; Makhlouf, A. B.; & Nehela, Y. (2024). Regional propolis extracts suppress Fusarium fujikuroi and boost rice seedling growth and response against Bakanae disease. Plant Stress, 14(100610). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2024.100610.
Lazo, G. L.; Lemes, D. C.; Pauletti, P. M.; Bastos, J. K.; Ambrósio, S. R.; Veneziani, R. C. S; & Pires, R. H. (2025). Analysis of the antimicrobial activity of propolis: A narrative review of in-vitro studies. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 97(3), e20241302. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202520241302.
Longhini, R.; Raksa, S. M.; Oliveira, A. C. P.; Svidzinski, T. I. E.; & Franco, S .L. (2007) Obtenção de extratos de própolis sob diferentes condições e avaliação de sua atividade antifúngica. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 17(3), 388-395. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2007000300015.
Lusso, M. F. G.; & Pascholati, S F. (1999). Activity and isoenzymatic pattern of soluble peroxidades in maize tissues after mechanical injury or fungal inoculation. Summa Phytophatologica, 25, 244-249.
Marini, D.; Mensch, R.; Freiberger. M. B.; Dartora, j.; Franzener, G.; Garcia, R. C.; & Stangarlin, J .R. (2012). Efeito antifúngico de extratos alcoólicos de própolis sobre patógenos da videira. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 79, 305-308.
Mundstock, L. (2023). Extrato de própolis de Apis mellifera no controle de fitopatógenos, e sobre o manejo de doenças e o desempenho agronômico de alface. Dissertação (mestrado). Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul – UFFS. 98p. https://rd.uffs.edu.br/bitstream/prefix/7693/1/MUNDSTOCK.pdf.
Nascimento, G. M., Cardozo, M. V., Valmorbida, M. K., Pereira, N., Barbosa, J. C., Favaron Júnior, F. R.; & Ávila, F. A. (2022). Propolis in the control of bacterial bovine mastitis: a tool for the production of organic milk. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(2), 869–882. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n2p869.
Pereira, A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [free ebook]. Santa Maria. Editora da UFSM.
Pereira, C. S.; Guimarãoes, R. J.; Pozza, E. A.; & Silva, A. A. (2008). Extrato etanólico de própolis (EEP) no controle de cercóspora e ferrugem do cafeeiro. Revista Ceres, 55,369-376.
Rana, A.; Malik, A.; & Sobti, R. C. (2025). Anti-bacterial Properties of Propolis: A Comprehensive Review. Current Microbiology, 82(479). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-025-04456-y.
Reis, E. M.; & Casa, R. T. (2016) Doenças do trigo. In. AMORIM, L. et al. Manual de Fitopatologia: doenças plantas cultivadas. Ouro Fino: Agronômica Ceres, 2, 737-744.
Sadallah A, Aprea E, Cignola R, Caratti A, Cordero C, Angeli A, Martens S, & Di Francesco A. (2025). Propolis hydroalcoholic extracts: biochemical characterization and antifungal efficacy. Horticulturae, 11(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11020122.
Shitsuka, R. et al. (2014). Matemática fundamental para a tecnologia. (2ed). Editora Érica.
Souza, E. P.; Perino, F. H. B.; Moscato, B. S.; Freitas, P. G. N.; Blumer, S.; Cardoso, A. I. I.; Bonini, C. S. B.; & Bonini Neto, A. (2017). Extrato de própolis no controle do Penicillium sp. e na qualidade de sementes de couve-flor. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Biossistemas, 11(2), 135-141.
Vieira, S. (2021). Introdução à bioestatística. Editora GEN/Guanabara Koogan.
Yang, S. Z.; Peng, L .T.; SU, X. J.; Chen, F.; Cheng, Y. J.; Fan, G.; & Pan, S. Y. (2011). Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antifungal components from propolis against Penicillium italicum. Food Chemistry, 127(1), 210-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.011.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Gislaine Ribeiro Gomes, Maevi Fornazari, Matheus dos Santos Machado, Gilmar Franzener
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
