Autogenous bone grafts based on dentin matrix: Efficacy and clinical applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i5.50938Keywords:
Bone regeneration, Dentin, Growth factors.Abstract
Bone regeneration is one of the main challenges in contemporary oral rehabilitation, with autogenous grafting being the gold standard, despite limitations such as donor site morbidity. In this context, autogenous dentin matrix (ADM) has emerged as a promising biomaterial due to its chemical and structural similarity to bone tissue. This study aimed to investigate, through an integrative literature review, the possibilities and limitations of using autogenous bone grafts based on the dentin matrix in dentistry. The methodology involved systematic searches in the PubMed, Cochrane, and BVS databases (2020-2025), resulting in the analysis of 17 selected articles. The results show that dentin has a chemical and structural composition similar to bone tissue, being composed of hydroxyapatite, type I collagen, and growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). These characteristics give the material osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. The clinical preparation of the material requires cleaning, grinding into particles, and partial demineralization, a process that can be automated by systems such as the Tooth Transformer®. Clinically, MDA demonstrates efficacy in alveolar preservation, sinus lifts, and guided bone regeneration, exhibiting volumetric stability and bone neoformation quality comparable to or superior to xenogeneic biomaterials. It is concluded that the dentin matrix is a viable, safe, and bioactive alternative that minimizes surgical morbidity by eliminating the need for additional donor sites. Limitations lie in its restricted availability to patients with teeth indicated for extraction and the current lack of universal standardization for processing and demineralization protocols.
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