Evaluation of the stabilization of residual sludge from the oxidation lagoon of the Bolívar canton, Manabí, Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i8.49372Keywords:
Composting, Anaerobic Digestion, Sludge Stabilization, Wastewater, Sustainability, Pollution, Environmental Technology.Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the residual sludge generated from the treatment of effluents, with special attention to case studies such as the oxidation lagoons of the Bolívar canton, Manabí province, Ecuador. A systematic analysis of the scientific literature published between 2000 and 2025 was carried out, using databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Springer, with the aim of evaluating stabilization techniques such as composting, anaerobic digestion and chemical treatment. The findings highlight composting as an effective method for sludge stabilization, as long as the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and pH are maintained. This facilitates the reduction of pathogens and the production of valuable by-products such as fertilizers. The physicochemical analysis of the sludge from Ecuador revealed a neutral pH (7.2), high electrical conductivity (1.51 S/cm) and a fluctuating organic matter content (3.8%), which distinguishes it from sludge from nations such as Colombia (pH 12.7) or Germany (organic matter 87.3%). Anaerobic digestion was recognized as a promising option due to its ability to generate biogas, while chemical treatment with lime proved effective in eradicating microorganisms. It is determined that stabilization is fundamental for the safe use of sludge, suggesting technologies adjusted to the local conditions of Bolivar to improve its management and reduce adverse effects.
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