Effects of resistance exercises on bone mineral density in older adults with osteopenia or osteoporosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i5.51025Keywords:
Resistance exercise, Bone mineral density, Older adults.Abstract
Aging is associated with physiological changes that compromise bone health, especially the reduction of Bone Mineral Density (BMD), a factor directly related to the development of osteoporosis and osteopenia. In this context, resistance exercise has been widely used as a non-pharmacological strategy for the prevention and treatment of these conditions. This study aimed to analyze the influence of resistance exercise on bone mineral density in older adults with osteoporosis or osteopenia, considering its benefits in preventing bone loss and promoting functional health.This is a descriptive literature review with a qualitative approach, conducted through searches in the PubMed, SciELO, and PEDro databases, covering the period from 2014 to 2025. Eight full-text studies in Portuguese and English were included, prioritizing randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.The results showed that resistance exercise promotes positive effects on bone mineral density, especially in the lumbar spine, with varying magnitudes across different bone regions. It was also observed that parameters such as intensity, frequency, and duration of training directly influence bone response, while gains in muscle strength and functionality were more consistent and occurred earlier, contributing to the reduction of fall and fracture risk.It is concluded that resistance exercise, when properly prescribed, is an effective strategy for preventing bone loss and promoting functional health in older adults.
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