Suplementación proteica asociada al ejercicio de resistencia para reducir el proceso de sarcopenia en el envejecimiento

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i7.49239

Palabras clave:

Sarcopenia, Envejecimiento, Nutrición, Suplementación proteica, Ejercicios de resistencia.

Resumen

La sarcopenia se define como un síndrome geriátrico caracterizado por una pérdida progresiva y generalizada de masa muscular, asociada a una reducción de la fuerza y ​​la función de los músculos esqueléticos. En este sentido, una intervención nutricional dirigida puede prevenir el balance proteico negativo y el posterior catabolismo muscular. Asociado a ejercicios de resistencia, existe una mayor estimulación de la síntesis proteica en el músculo esquelético. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los efectos de la suplementación proteica asociada a la práctica de ejercicios físicos para reducir la sarcopenia. Este trabajo es una revisión bibliográfica, en la que se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos como MEDLINE, LILACS, BVS, y se utilizaron como criterios de inclusión artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2025, escritos en portugués e inglés. En los 10 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados analizados, se encontró que la asociación de una dieta con mayor contenido proteico y la práctica de ejercicios físicos de resistencia es una herramienta potencialmente eficaz para el tratamiento del síndrome geriátrico, la sarcopenia.

Referencias

Bauer, J. M., Verlaan, S., Bautmans, I., Brandt, K., Donini, L. M., Maggio, M., ... & Cederholm, T. (2015). Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adults, the PROVIDE study: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 16(9), 740-747.

Beckwée, D., Delaere, A., Aelbrecht, S., Baert, V., Beaudart, C., Bruyere, O., ... & Bautmans, I. (2019). Exercise interventions for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. A systematic umbrella review. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging, 23(6), 494-502.

Borack, M. S., & Volpi, E. (2016). Efficacy and safety of leucine supplementation in the elderly. The Journal of nutrition, 146(12), 2625S-2629S.

Bo, Y., Liu, C., Ji, Z., Yang, R., An, Q., Zhang, X., ... & Lu, Q. (2019). A high whey protein, vitamin D and E supplement preserves muscle mass, strength, and quality of life in sarcopenic older adults: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clinical nutrition, 38(1), 159-164.

Chan, D. C., Tsou, H. H., Chang, C. B., Yang, R. S., Tsauo, J. Y., Chen, C. Y., ... & Kuo, K. N. (2017). Integrated care for geriatric frailty and sarcopenia: a randomized control trial. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 8(1), 78-88.

Cho, M. R., Lee, S., & Song, S. K. (2022). A review of sarcopenia pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and future direction. Journal of Korean medical science, 37(18).

Crossetti, M. D. G. O. (2012). Revisión integrativa de la investigación en enfermería, el rigor científico que se le exige. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 33, 10-11.

Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Baeyens, J. P., Bauer, J. M., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Landi, F., ... & Zamboni, M. (2010). Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age and ageing, 39(4), 412-423.

Dardevet, D., Rémond, D., Peyron, M. A., Papet, I., Savary-Auzeloux, I., & Mosoni, L. (2012). Muscle wasting and resistance of muscle anabolism: the “anabolic threshold concept” for adapted nutritional strategies during sarcopenia. The Scientific World Journal, 2012(1), 269531.

De Martinis, M., Franceschi, C., Monti, D., & Ginaldi, L. (2005). Inflamm-ageing and lifelong antigenic load as major determinants of ageing rate and longevity. FEBS letters, 579(10), 2035-2039.

Framework, W. A. A. A. P. (2002). A Contribution of the World Health Organization to the second United Nations World Assembly on Aging. Madrid, Spain, April.

Framework, A. P. (2000). Active Ageing. Population, 2025, 2050.

Haran, P. H., Rivas, D. A., & Fielding, R. A. (2012). Role and potential mechanisms of anabolic resistance in sarcopenia. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 3, 157-162.

International Working Group on Sarcopenia. (2011). Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 12(4), 249.

Landi, F., Calvani, R., Tosato, M., Martone, A. M., Ortolani, E., Savera, G., ... & Marzetti, E. (2016). Anorexia of aging: risk factors, consequences, and potential treatments. Nutrients, 8(2), 69.

Lu, L., Mao, L., Feng, Y., Ainsworth, B. E., Liu, Y., & Chen, N. (2021). Effects of different exercise training modes on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC geriatrics, 21(1), 708.

Magnoni, D., Kovacs, C., Mota, I. C. P., & Oliveira, P. A. D. (2017). Envelhecimento, sarcopenia e nutrição: uma abordagem teórico-prática. In Envelhecimento, sarcopenia e nutrição: uma abordagem teórico-prática (pp. 341-341).

Martínez-Arnau, F. M., Fonfría-Vivas, R., Buigues, C., Castillo, Y., Molina, P., Hoogland, A. J., ... & Cauli, O. (2020). Effects of leucine administration in sarcopenia: a randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutrients, 12(4), 932.

McKendry, J., Lowisz, C. V., Nanthakumar, A., MacDonald, M., Lim, C., Currier, B. S., & Phillips, S. M. (2024). The effects of whey, pea, and collagen protein supplementation beyond the recommended dietary allowance on integrated myofibrillar protein synthetic rates in older males: a randomized controlled trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 120(1), 34-46.

Mitchell, W. K., Phillips, B. E., Hill, I., Greenhaff, P., Lund, J. N., Williams, J. P., ... & Atherton, P. J. (2017). Human skeletal muscle is refractory to the anabolic effects of leucine during the postprandial muscle-full period in older men. Clinical science, 131(21), 2643-2653.

Mori, H., & Tokuda, Y. (2022). De-training effects following leucine-enriched whey protein supplementation and resistance training in older adults with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial with 24 weeks of follow-up. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging, 26(11), 994-1002.

Morley, J. E., Argiles, J. M., Evans, W. J., Bhasin, S., Cella, D., Deutz, N. E., ... & for Sarcopenia, T. S. (2010). Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. Journal of the american Medical Directors association, 11(6), 391-396.

Nascimento, C. M., Ingles, M., Salvador-Pascual, A., Cominetti, M. R., Gomez-Cabrera, M. C., & Viña, J. (2019). Sarcopenia, frailty and their prevention by exercise. Free radical biology and medicine, 132, 42-49.

Nilsson, M. I., Mikhail, A., Lan, L., Di Carlo, A., Hamilton, B., Barnard, K., ... & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2020). A five-ingredient nutritional supplement and home-based resistance exercise improve lean mass and strength in free-living elderly. Nutrients, 12(8), 2391.

Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. bmj, 372.

Papadopoulou, S. K., Tsintavis, P., Potsaki, G., & Papandreou, D. (2020). Differences in the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling, nursing home and hospitalized individuals. A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of nutrition, health and aging, 24(1), 83-90.

Pereira, A. S., Shitsuk, D. M., Parreira, F. J., & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. UFSM.

Rogeri, P. S., Zanella Jr, R., Martins, G. L., Garcia, M. D., Leite, G., Lugaresi, R., ... & Lancha Jr, A. H. (2021). Strategies to prevent sarcopenia in the aging process: role of protein intake and exercise. Nutrients, 14(1), 52.

Rondanelli, M., Cereda, E., Klersy, C., Faliva, M. A., Peroni, G., Nichetti, M., ... & Perna, S. (2020). Improving rehabilitation in sarcopenia: a randomized‐controlled trial utilizing a muscle‐targeted food for special medical purposes. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 11(6), 1535-1547.

Shafiee, G., Keshtkar, A., Soltani, A., Ahadi, Z., Larijani, B., & Heshmat, R. (2017). Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 16, 1-10.

Shen, Y., Shi, Q., Nong, K., Li, S., Yue, J., Huang, J., ... & Hao, Q. (2023). Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 14(3), 1199-1211.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 104, 333-339.

Vikberg, S., Sörlén, N., Brandén, L., Johansson, J., Nordström, A., Hult, A., & Nordström, P. (2019). Effects of resistance training on functional strength and muscle mass in 70-year-old individuals with pre-sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 20(1), 28-34.

Publicado

2025-07-21

Número

Sección

Revisiones

Cómo citar

Suplementación proteica asociada al ejercicio de resistencia para reducir el proceso de sarcopenia en el envejecimiento. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 7, p. e6514749239, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i7.49239. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49239. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.