Efectos hemodinámicos de la contaminación atmosférica procedente de distintos tipos de tráfico vehicular en usuarios de transporte público

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i7.49263

Palabras clave:

Material Particulado, Contaminación del Aire, Efectos Hemodinámicos, Tráfico Vehicular, Transporte Público.

Resumen

Objetivo: Este estudio analizó correlaciones entre variables ambientales y hemodinámicas (frecuencia cardíaca, presión arterial, saturación de oxígeno SatO₂ y frecuencia respiratoria FR) en 20 voluntarios (18-60 años) expuestos a tres ambientes: dos abiertos (Vía Light y Calle) y uno cerrado. Métodos: Se monitorearon PM₂,₅, temperatura y humedad. Las variables se compararon mediante pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis (p ≤ 0,05), post hoc de Tukey y correlación de Pearson. Las concentraciones de PM₂,₅ en áreas abiertas fueron 208% (Vía Light) y 73% (Calle) superiores al ambiente cerrado, excediendo el límite diario de la OMS en 2,8 veces en Vía Light. Resultados: Se observaron correlaciones negativas significativas entre PM₂,₅ y SatO₂ (R = -0,53) y FR (R = -0,52) en Vía Light. La humedad se correlacionó positivamente con SatO₂ en ambientes abiertos, más intensamente en la Calle (R² = 0,21; p = 0,04) que en Vía Light (R² = 0,16; p = 0,07). El PM₂,₅ influyó negativamente en SatO₂ (R² = 0,28; p < 0,01) y FR (R² = 0,27; p < 0,01) en Vía Light. Conclusión: La exposición a contaminantes en zonas de alto tráfico durante tiempos de espera del transporte público perjudica la salud cardiorrespiratoria. Sin embargo, mecanismos compensatorios y la corta duración de la exposición pudieron mitigar respuestas hemodinámicas exacerbadas, destacando la necesidad de estudios más amplios con períodos de observación extendidos para comprender mejor los impactos agudos.

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Publicado

2025-07-23

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Efectos hemodinámicos de la contaminación atmosférica procedente de distintos tipos de tráfico vehicular en usuarios de transporte público . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 7, p. e7114749263, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i7.49263. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49263. Acesso em: 6 dec. 2025.