Quimioterapia y Cardiotoxicidad: avances y desafíos en la cardio-oncología – Una revisión integradora

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i8.49310

Palabras clave:

Cardiotoxicidad, Antineoplásicos, Cardiooncología.

Resumen

Introducción: El aumento exponencial de los casos de neoplasias ha tenido un impacto generalizado, culminando con el avance de los fármacos y quimioterapias implicadas en el tratamiento. Entre las clases farmacológicas más utilizadas se destacan las antraciclinas y los agentes anti-HER2, cuyos principales ejemplos son la doxorrubicina y el trastuzumab, respectivamente. Estos medicamentos se describen frecuentemente con una asociación causal con la cardiotoxicidad inducida por quimioterapia. La cardiotoxicidad se define como la presencia confirmada de una nueva alteración cardiovascular durante o después del tratamiento, sin otras posibles causas etiológicas que puedan justificar el cuadro. Esta representa una importante complicación durante el tratamiento de los pacientes oncológicos, mereciendo atención especial por parte del cardio-oncólogo en la identificación precoz del compromiso cardiovascular, su seguimiento y tratamiento. Objetivo: Establecer una revisión actualizada sobre el tema de la cardiotoxicidad relacionada con los quimioterápicos, trastuzumab y doxorrubicina, y la importancia del desarrollo de estrategias de prevención y tratamiento. Metodología: Se realizará una investigación no experimental, descriptiva, de revisión de literatura tipo integradora, con artículos encontrados en los sitios oficiales de PubMed® y SciELO®, disponibles entre los años 2018 y 2024, de acceso público. Conclusión: Se concluye que no hay cuestionamiento en la relación entre los quimioterápicos y la cardiotoxicidad. Se refuerza la importancia del seguimiento cardiológico regular mediante exámenes complementarios para el reconocimiento e intervención precoz, con el objetivo de evitar daños cardiovasculares irreversibles.

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Publicado

2025-08-03

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Quimioterapia y Cardiotoxicidad: avances y desafíos en la cardio-oncología – Una revisión integradora. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 8, p. e0614849310, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i8.49310. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49310. Acesso em: 6 dec. 2025.