Uso terapéutico de corticoesteroides inhalados en recién nacidos prematuros con displasia broncopulmonar: Una revisión de la literatura de los últimos 25 años
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i9.49489Palabras clave:
Displasia broncopulmonar, Recién nacido prematuro, Terapéutica, Corticosteroides inalados.Resumen
Introducción: La displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) se define como una condición caracterizada por la dependencia de oxigenoterapia de alta concentración y/o ventilación mecánica hasta la semana 36 postconcepción, asociada a alteraciones radiológicas. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar de forma crítica y sistemática la eficacia y la seguridad de los corticosteroides inhalados en el manejo de la displasia broncopulmonar en prematuros, permitiendo una conclusión fundamentada en las mejores evidencias disponibles hasta el momento. Se realizó una investigación tipo revisión bibliográfica narrativa, a partir de documentos encontrados en los sitios web oficiales de PubMed®, Scielo®, Cochrane Library®, Science Direct® y Springer Link®, disponibles entre los años 2000 y 2025, de acceso público. Resultados: Las búsquedas resultaron en un total de 1492 artículos, y tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 25 artículos. Conclusión: La revisión de la literatura evidencia que, aunque la mayoría de los estudios muestran resultados positivos con el uso de corticosteroides inhalados, como Beclometasona y Budesonida, aún no existe una estandarización de las dosis ni del tiempo de uso. A pesar de los avances, todavía existen divergencias significativas en cuanto a su eficacia, seguridad y efectos a largo plazo. Esta heterogeneidad refleja la complejidad del manejo de la DBP, por lo que es esencial analizar de forma crítica y sistemática la eficacia y la seguridad de los corticosteroides inhalados, permitiendo una conclusión fundamentada en las mejores evidencias disponibles hasta el momento.
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