Estrés preanestésico en animales de compañía: Impacto y estrategias de mitigación

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i9.49532

Palabras clave:

Anestesia veterinaria, Ansiolíticos, Bienestar animal, Medicación preanestésica.

Resumen

El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es analizar los mecanismos fisiológicos del estrés preanestésico en pequeños animales, sus principales desencadenantes, las repercusiones intra y postoperatorias, y las estrategias de mitigación más actuales, destacando las lagunas de conocimiento y las perspectivas de estandarización de protocolos en diferentes entornos clínicos. El estrés preanestésico en perros y gatos representa un desafío significativo para la práctica clínica, ya que interfiere con la estabilidad hemodinámica, la farmacodinamia anestésica y el bienestar animal. Esta respuesta está mediada por el eje hipotálamo-hipofisario-adrenal y el sistema nervioso simpático, lo que resulta en cambios fisiológicos y conductuales que aumentan el riesgo de complicaciones perioperatorias. Los principales factores de estrés incluyen el transporte, el manejo clínico y la separación del propietario. Las estrategias de mitigación incluyen técnicas de manejo de bajo estrés, enriquecimiento ambiental e intervenciones farmacológicas, como el uso de ansiolíticos (gabapentina, pregabalina y trazodona). Evidencia reciente sugiere que la reducción del estrés puede reducir la necesidad de anestésicos, mejorar la recuperación postoperatoria y reducir las complicaciones. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de los protocolos refuerza la necesidad de realizar más estudios para estandarizar enfoques efectivos en diferentes especies y entornos clínicos.

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Publicado

2025-09-25

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Estrés preanestésico en animales de compañía: Impacto y estrategias de mitigación. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 9, p. e7014949532, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i9.49532. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49532. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.