Estresse pré-anestésico em animais de companhia: Impacto e estratégias de mitigação

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i9.49532

Palavras-chave:

Ansiolíticos, Anestesia veterinária, Bem-estar animal, Medicação pré-anestésica.

Resumo

O objetivo desta revisão narrativa é discutir os mecanismos fisiológicos do estresse pré-anestésico em pequenos animais, seus principais fatores desencadeantes, as repercussões intra e pós-operatórias e as estratégias mais atuais para sua mitigação, destacando lacunas de conhecimento e perspectivas para padronização de protocolos em diferentes contextos clínicos. O estresse pré-anestésico em cães e gatos representa um desafio relevante para a prática clínica, pois interfere na estabilidade hemodinâmica, na farmacodinâmica dos anestésicos e no bem-estar animal. Essa resposta é mediada pelo eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal e pelo sistema nervoso simpático, resultando em alterações fisiológicas e comportamentais que aumentam o risco de complicações perioperatórias. Entre os principais estressores destacam-se transporte, manipulação clínica e separação do tutor. Estratégias de mitigação incluem técnicas de manejo de baixo estresse, enriquecimento ambiental e intervenções farmacológicas, como o uso de ansiolíticos (gabapentina, pregabalina e trazodona). Evidências recentes indicam que a redução do estresse pode diminuir a necessidade de anestésicos, favorecer a recuperação pós-operatória e reduzir complicações. Contudo, a heterogeneidade dos protocolos reforça a necessidade de estudos adicionais para padronizar abordagens eficazes em diferentes espécies e contextos clínicos.

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2025-09-25

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Estresse pré-anestésico em animais de companhia: Impacto e estratégias de mitigação. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 9, p. e7014949532, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i9.49532. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49532. Acesso em: 5 dez. 2025.