Incidencia de parto prematuro en mujeres con cuello uterino corto: Una revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i1.49926

Palabras clave:

Trabajo de Parto Prematuro, Cuello Uterino, Nacimiento Prematuro.

Resumen

Introducción: El parto prematuro es cualquier parto que ocurre antes de las 37 semanas de gestación. Un cérvix corto se define como una longitud cervical <25 mm antes de las 24 semanas de gestación. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar retrospectivamente, a través de una revisión de la literatura, la incidencia de parto pretérmino en pacientes con diagnóstico de cuello uterino corto, dada su alta prevalencia en maternidades a nivel mundial, asociada a mayor mortalidad y peor pronóstico perinatal. Método: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, buscando en las plataformas PubMed y Scielo, publicada en los últimos 10 años. Los artículos seleccionados cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y respondieron a la pregunta guía. Resultados y Discusión: La longitud cervical medida por ecografía transvaginal es el parámetro recomendado para identificar a las embarazadas con cérvix corto. Las pacientes con una longitud cervical <15 mm entre las 14 y 24 semanas de edad gestacional tienen un riesgo 50% mayor de desarrollar parto prematuro. Los estudios difieren en las tasas de parto prematuro en pacientes con acortamiento cervical (4,9% a 42%), la explicación es que la mayoría de los datos disponibles se basan en embarazadas con alto riesgo de prematuridad. Todos los estudios aquí presentados coinciden en que cuanto menor sea la longitud cervical entre las 14 y 24 semanas incompletas de gestación, mayor será el riesgo de parto prematuro. Conclusión: El acortamiento cervical está directamente relacionado con resultados desfavorables del embarazo. Se recomienda implementar protocolos que guíen la detección, el seguimiento y las medidas terapéuticas para reducir este problema global.

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Publicado

2026-01-08

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Incidencia de parto prematuro en mujeres con cuello uterino corto: Una revisión de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 1, p. e1415149926, 2026. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v15i1.49926. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49926. Acesso em: 23 jan. 2026.