El papel del estrés oxidativo en el trastorno depresivo mayor: Enfoques terapéuticos antioxidantes - una revisión de literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i2.50646

Palabras clave:

Estrés Oxidativo, Trastorno Depresivo Mayor, Antioxidantes, Depresión.

Resumen

El Trastorno Depresivo Mayor (TDM) es una condición psiquiátrica caracterizada por episodios prolongados de una combinación de síntomas, como el estado de ánimo deprimido y la pérdida de interés. Puede originarse o agravarse por diversos factores, entre los cuales destacan el estrés oxidativo y las desregulaciones químicas asociadas a este cuadro. El objetivo de esta revisión es explorar enfoques terapéuticos antioxidantes con potencial para contribuir a la mejora de la salud mental de pacientes con Trastorno Depresivo Mayor, mediante la modulación del funcionamiento fisiológico antioxidante. La revisión se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y LILACS, utilizando los términos DeCS: ("oxidative stress" or "oxidative injury" or "oxidative cleavage") and ("depression" or "major depressive disorder"), lo que resultó en 73 artículos para análisis, de los cuales 15 fueron incluidos en esta revisión tras la aplicación de criterios de exclusión en dos etapas. Los estudios analizados evidencian la eficacia de diferentes intervenciones antioxidantes en la reducción de marcadores de estrés oxidativo asociados a la depresión. Entre estas estrategias, se destacan el uso de fármacos como la N-acetilcisteína y la timoquinona, extractos naturales como el de Caesalpinia pulcherrima y la ayahuasca, además de la suplementación con probióticos y ácidos grasos (omega 3, 6 y 9). También se observaron efectos positivos de estrategias no farmacológicas, como la adopción de dietas ricas en antioxidantes, la práctica de actividad física y la estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva. Estas intervenciones demostraron potencial antidepresivo al modular el estrés oxidativo, aunque se requieren más estudios para evaluar su eficacia a largo plazo.

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Publicado

2026-02-15

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El papel del estrés oxidativo en el trastorno depresivo mayor: Enfoques terapéuticos antioxidantes - una revisión de literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 2, p. e5615250646, 2026. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v15i2.50646. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/50646. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2026.