Control biológico de la enfermedad de la mancha negra inducida por Alternaria alternata en Dioscorea opposita mediante el uso de Bacillus sp. E-Do8 endófito
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i3.50706Palabras clave:
Dioscorea alternata, Bacteria endófita, Bacillus, Enfermedad de la mancha negra, Alternaria alternata, Surfactina.Resumen
Las bacterias endófitas asociadas a las plantas desempeñan un papel fundamental en la prevención y el control de enfermedades en los cultivos. El ñame (Dioscorea opposita), un importante tubérculo de uso alimentario y medicinal, es ampliamente reconocido por su valor nutricional y fitoterapéutico. No obstante, durante su cultivo es relativamente frecuente la aparición de la enfermedad de la mancha negra, y hasta el momento no existen informes sobre el empleo de endófitos para su control. En este contexto, este artículo tuvo como objetivo presentar un estudio sobre el control biológico de la enfermedad de la mancha negra causada por Alternaria alternata en Dioscorea opposita utilizando el endófito Bacillus sp. E-Do8. A partir de hojas de ñame Tiegun una bacteria endófita con una fuerte actividad antagonista frente a Alternaria alternata, el patógeno causante de la mancha negra del ñame. Dicha bacteria fue identificada como una cepa del género Bacillus y denominada E-Do8. Estudios posteriores demostraron que el caldo de fermentación de E-Do8 inhibió significativamente la germinación de esporas y el crecimiento micelial de A. alternata, observándose alteraciones morfológicas en el micelio, tales como grosor desigual, hinchazón y enredos irregulares. Asimismo, la capacidad de A. alternata para penetrar el celofán se redujo al cultivarse en presencia del caldo de fermentación de E-Do8, lo que indica una posible disminución significativa de su patogenicidad. Además, mediante el sistema UHPLC-Orbitrap Exploris 240 se analizaron los compuestos activos presentes en el caldo de fermentación de E-Do8 responsables de la inhibición de A. alternata, identificándose exclusivamente compuestos del tipo surfactina, específicamente C14-surfactina y surfactina.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Louis Antoniel Joseph, Manoucheca Jean, Bento Gil Uane, Frantzdy Luc, Meque Samuel Tivane, Kerley-Vivaldi Jean, Inocêncio Oliveira Mulaveia
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