Mecanismos de geração de calor em baterias de veículos elétricos e híbridos: Efeitos no desempenho e soluções de gerenciamento térmico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i12.50285Palavras-chave:
Baterias de íons de lítio, Mecanismos de geração de calor, Veículos elétricos, Veículos híbridos, Gerenciamento térmico.Resumo
Este estudo investiga os mecanismos de geração de calor em baterias de íons de lítio utilizadas em veículos elétricos e híbridos, analisando seus impactos no desempenho e as soluções adotadas para controlar a temperatura. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, foram investigadas as principais estratégias de gerenciamento térmico aplicadas atualmente, incluindo resfriamento a ar, resfriamento líquido, materiais de mudança de fase e tubos de calor. A literatura indica que a faixa ideal de operação térmica situa-se entre 25 °C e 40 °C; valores superiores de temperatura comprometem a integridade das células, aceleram processos de envelhecimento e elevam significativamente o risco de fuga térmica, considerado o principal desafio de segurança. Os estudos revisados demonstram que otimizações geométricas, ajustes nos materiais e melhorias nos arranjos dos sistemas de gerenciamento térmico contribuem para maior uniformidade de temperatura, melhor dissipação de calor e mitigação de falhas térmicas. Melhorar os sistemas de resfriamento é essencial, e integrá-los com tecnologias inteligentes é uma solução promissora para o futuro dos veículos elétricos.
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