Panorama dos compósitos poliméricos reforçados com fibras vegetais e impressos por Modelagem por Deposição Fundida (MDF): Uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i12.50366Palavras-chave:
Manufatura aditiva, Fibras vegetais, Compósitos poliméricos, Construção civil sustentável, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Poliácido Lático (PLA).Resumo
A construção civil responde por parcela significativa das emissões de CO₂ e do consumo de recursos naturais, o que tem impulsionado a busca por materiais de menor impacto ambiental. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho e potencial de aplicação dos compósitos poliméricos reforçados com fibras vegetais na construção civil sustentável, por meio de uma revisão sistemática conduzida segundo as diretrizes PRISMA. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases ScienceDirect, Web of Science e Dimensions, considerando o período de 2018 a 2024, totalizando 15.482 artigos, destes, 50 atenderam os critérios de seleção. Os resultados mostram predomínio de matrizes à base de poliácido lático (PLA) e de fibras lignocelulósicas como madeira, soja, cânhamo, linho, bambu, curauá, kenaf, juta e resíduos de óleo de palma. A incorporação de fibras vegetais contribui para o aumento do módulo de elasticidade e, em condições otimizadas do teor de fibra adicionado, tratamento superficial e parâmetros de impressão, também contribui para a resistência à tração e à flexão, além de possibilitar estruturas celulares leves com boa capacidade de absorção de energia e, em alguns casos, desempenho acústico relevante. Persistem, contudo, lacunas relacionadas ao comportamento físico-mecânico matéria prima, à padronização de métodos de ensaio, à comparação direta com materiais convencionais e à avaliação de ciclo de vida em condições reais de uso. A síntese realizada indica que os compósitos PLA–fibras vegetais impressos por FDM representam uma rota promissora para o desenvolvimento de painéis, núcleos sanduíche, revestimentos e elementos arquitetônicos personalizados, contribuindo para uma produção mais limpa no setor construtivo.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Felipe Nakamura Bassani, Leonardo Miguel Guzzoni, Maira Vanessa da Rocha, Flávia Aparecida Reitz Cardoso, Luciana Cristina Soto Herek
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