Métodos de remoção de agrotóxicos em produtos hortifrutícolas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i1.50467Palavras-chave:
Vegetais, Resíduos de pesticidas, Tecnologias.Resumo
Esta revisão integrativa traz uma visão geral acerca de métodos para remoção de agrotóxicos em produtos hortifrutícolas, através de estudos publicados entre os anos de 2020 e 2025 na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde usando-se os termos descritores: resíduos de pesticidas, agrotóxicos, agroquímicos, remoção, redução, eliminação, hortaliças, frutas, folhosos. Os resultados das buscas foram avaliados e selecionados, considerando o objetivo do estudo e fatores de inclusão e exclusão. Foram selecionados 30 estudos para análise, descrição, discussão e síntese do conhecimento. Todos os artigos incluídos nessa revisão foram publicados na língua inglesa. Os anos de 2021 e 2022 apresentaram os maiores números de estudos (56,67%). Além disso, 12 estudos (40,0%) foram publicados por pesquisadores vinculados a instituições chinesas. Os agrotóxicos mais analisados foram: boscalida, carbendazim, clorotalonil, difenoconazol, piraclostrobina, acetamiprid, λ-cialotrina e imidacloprido. A cromatografia foi a principal técnica utilizada nas quantificações dos resíduos dos agrotóxicos. Os métodos de remoção de agrotóxicos investigados pelos estudos avaliados nessa revisão foram: ozonização (12 estudos), imersão com ingredientes domésticos (10 estudos), aplicação de altas e baixas temperaturas (8 estudos), ultrassom (7 estudos), água eletrolisada (3 estudos) e líquido ativado por plasma (3 estudos). Os resultados destacam que a eficácia dos métodos de remoção de agrotóxicos está diretamente relacionada com características químicas dos agrotóxicos. Ademais, entende-se que o uso de um método isoladamente não é suficiente para eliminação total de resíduos de agrotóxicos em produtos hortifrutícolas. Portanto, como estrategia de potencialização dos efeitos de remoção resíduos de agrotóxicos, sugere-se o uso de métodos combinados.
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