Gene expression in implant surgery patients: a description of bone and inflammation markers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13650Keywords:
Ex-smoker; Genes; Hypertension; Osseointegration; Smoking.Abstract
This research describes the gene expression of molecules related to inflammation and bone metabolism in all patients submitted to dental implant surgery attended at a Brazilian institution. A convenience sample was collected over 2 years. The bone samples were processed for extraction of total RNA and reverse transcription of cDNA. Relative quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction of target genes was performed. The sample was characterized demographically and according heath conditions. The patients were grouped. The control group was composed of 17 healthy patients, 6 patients were included in the antihypertensive therapy group, 3 were smokers, another 3 were smokers and were under antihypertensive treatment, and 3 were ex-smokers (smoked for 10 years but had quit for at least 5 years). The ex-smoker group presented the highest values, and the Hypertensive group presented the lowest values of Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Osteonectin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein II, and Integrin. All smokers demonstrated expression values comparable to the Control group. The highest expression values of Osteopontin, RUNX, and Alkaline Phosphatase were observed in the Hypertensive and the Smoker group, while the lowest values were found in the Hypertensive group. Smokers, Ex-smokers, and the Control group demonstrated similar values. As conclusion, gene downregulation was observed in patients under anti-hypertensive therapy. Smoke seems to reduce expression of genes involve in bone formation and increase genes responsible for resorptive activity. This pattern of genic expression may be involved in higher implant loss, observed in smokers. Stop smoke seems to return expression of some of these genes.
References
Aydoğan, B., Erarslan, E., Ünlütürk, U., & Güllü, S. (2019). Effects of telmisartan and losartan treatments on bone turnover markers in patients with newly diagnosed stage I hypertension. JRAAS - Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320319862741
Becker, S. T., Beck-Broichsitter, B. E., Rossmann, C. M., Behrens, E., Jochens, A., & Wiltfang, J. (2016). Long-term Survival of Straumann Dental Implants with TPS Surfaces: A Retrospective Study with a Follow-up of 12 to 23 Years. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 18(3), 480–488. https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12334
Broker, R. de C., Doetzer, A. D., de Souza, C. M., Alvim-Pereira, F., Alvim-Pereira, C. C., & Trevilatto, P. C. (2018). Clinical aspects and polymorphisms in the LTA, TNFA, LTB genes and association with dental implant loss. Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 20(6), 954–961. https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.12677
Campos, Maria I.G., Santos, M. C. L. G., Trevilatto, P. C., Scarel-Caminaga, R. M., Bezerra, F. J. B., & Line, S. R. P. (2005). Evaluation of the relationship between interleukin-I gene cluster polymorphisms and early implant failure in non-smoking patients. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 16(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01091.x
Campos, Maria Isabela Guimarães, Godoy Dos Santos, M. C. L., Trevilatto, P. C., Scarel-Caminaga, R. M., Bezerra, F. J., & Line, S. R. P. (2005). Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphisms, and early failure of dental implants. Implant Dentistry, 14(4), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.id.0000188470.54417.98
Chambrone, L., Preshaw, P. M., Ferreira, J. D., Rodrigues, J. A., Cassoni, A., & Shibli, J. A. (2014). Effects of tobacco smoking on the survival rate of dental implants placed in areas of maxillary sinus floor augmentation: A systematic review. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 25(4), 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.12186
Corboz, V. A., Cecchini, M. G., Felix, R., Fleisch, H., van der Pluijm, G., & Löwik, C. W. (1992). Effect of macrophage colony-stimulating factor on in vitro osteoclast generation and bone resorption. Endocrinology, 130(1), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.130.1.1727717
Costa-Junior, F. R., Alvim-Pereira, C. C., Alvim-Pereira, F., Trevilatto, P. C., de Souza, A. P., & Santos, M. C. L. G. (2013). Influence of MMP-8 promoter polymorphism in early osseointegrated implant failure. Clinical Oral Investigations, 17(1), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0699-z
Dermit, M., Dodel, M., & Mardakheh, F. K. (2017). Methods for monitoring and measurement of protein translation in time and space. Molecular BioSystems, 13, 2477–2488. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7mb00476a
Dirschnabel, A. J., Alvim-Pereira, F., Alvim-Pereira, C. C., Bernardino, J. F., Rosa, E. A. R., & Trevilatto, P. C. (2011). Analysis of the association of IL1B(C-511T) polymorphism with dental implant loss and the clusterization phenomenon. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 22(11), 1235–1241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02080.x
do Prado, R. F., Rabêlo, S. B., de Andrade, D. P., Nascimento, R. D., Henriques, V. A. R., Carvalho, Y. R., & de Vasconcellos, L. M. R. (2015). Porous titanium and Ti–35Nb alloy: effects on gene expression of osteoblastic cells derived from human alveolar bone. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 26(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5594-0
Dole, N. S., Mazur, C. M., Acevedo, C., Lopez, J. P., Monteiro, D. A., Fowler, T. W., & Alliston, T. (2017). Osteocyte-Intrinsic TGF-β Signaling Regulates Bone Quality through Perilacunar/Canalicular Remodeling. Cell Reports, 21(9), 2585–2596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.115
Gagliardi, C. F., de VasConCellos, L. M. R., Cairo, C. A. A., Rabelo, S. B., & Do Prado, R. F. (2018). Expression of BMP ii by human osteoblasts cultivated on dense or porous titanium. Brazilian Dental Science, 21(3), 275–281. https://doi.org/10.14295/bds.2018.v21i3.1586
Gagné, T., Omorou, A. Y., Kivits, J., Alla, F., & Minary, L. (2018). Socioeconomic profile and smoking among adolescents in vocational training. Revue d’Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, 66(6), 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2018.09.005
Helfrich, M. H., Nesbitt, S. A., Lakkakorpi, P. T., Barnes, M. J., Bodary, S. C., Shankar, G., & Horton, M. A. (1996). β1 integrins and osteoclast function: Involvement in collagen recognition and bone resorption. Bone, 19(4), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(96)00223-2
Kim, D.-J., Kim, S.-K., Cha, J.-K., Lee, J.-S., & Kim, C.-S. (2019). Clinical Factors and Cellular Responses of In Situ Human Alveolar Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Associated With Early Periimplant Marginal Bone Loss: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study. Implant Dentistry, 28(5), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1097/ID.0000000000000904
Livak, K. J., & Schmittgen, T. D. (2001). Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT Method. Methods, 25(4), 402–408. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262
Maheaswari, R., Kshirsagar, J. T., & Lavanya, N. (2016). Polymerase chain reaction: A molecular diagnostic tool in periodontology. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, Vol. 20, pp. 128–135. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.176391
Montes, C. C., Alvim-Pereira, F., de Castilhos, B. B., Sakurai, M. L. L., Olandoski, M., & Trevilatto, P. C. (2009). Analysis of the association of IL1B (C+3954T) and IL1RN (intron 2) polymorphisms with dental implant loss in a Brazilian population. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 20(2), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01629.x
Montes, C. C., Pereira, F. A., Thomé, G., Alves, E. D. M., Acedo, R. V., de Souza, J. R., & Trevilatto, P. C. (2007). Failing factors associated with osseointegrated dental implant loss. Implant Dentistry, 16(4), 404–412. https://doi.org/10.1097/ID.0b013e31815c8d31
Mulinari-Santos, G., de Souza Batista, F. R., Kirchweger, F., Tangl, S., Gruber, R., & Okamoto, R. (2018). Losartan reverses impaired osseointegration in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 29(11), 1126–1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13376
Oliveira, R. M. de, Santos, J. L. F., & Furegato, A. R. F. (2019). Prevalence and smokers’ profile: Comparisons between the psychiatric population and the general population. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 27. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2976.3149
Opal, S. M., & DePalo, V. A. (2000). Anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chest, 117(4), 1162–1172. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.117.4.1162
Pereira, T. M., Alvim-Pereira, F., Alvim-Pereira, C. C., Ignácio, S. A., de Souza, C. M., & Trevilatto, P. C. (2019). A complete physical mapping of the VDR gene for dental implant loss: a pilot study. Clinical Oral Implants Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13529
Pigossi, S. C., Alvim-Pereira, F., Alvim-Pereira, C. C. K., Trevilatto, P. C., & Scarel-Caminaga, R. M. (2014). Association of Interleukin 4 gene polymorphisms with dental implant loss. Implant Dentistry, 23(6), 723–731. https://doi.org/10.1097/ID.0000000000000157
Pigossi, S. C., Alvim-Pereira, F., Montes, C. C., Finoti, L. S., Secolin, R., Trevilatto, P. C., & Scarel-Caminaga, R. M. (2012). Genetic association study between Interleukin 10 gene and dental implant loss. Archives of Oral Biology, 57(9), 1256–1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.020
Querques, F., Cantilena, B., Cozzolino, C., Esposito, M. T., Passaro, F., Parisi, S., & Pastore, L. (2015). Angiotensin receptor I stimulates osteoprogenitor proliferation through TGFβ-mediated signaling. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 230(7), 1466–1474. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.24887
Rodan, G. A., & Noda, M. (1991). Gene expression in osteoblastic cells. Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 1(2), 85–98. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1802105
Saiganesh, S., Saathvika, R., Arumugam, B., Vishal, M., Udhaya, V., Ilangovan, R., & Selvamurugan, N. (2019). TGF-β1-stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression by down-regulation of miR-203a-5p in rat osteoblasts. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 132, 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.003
Santos, M. C. L., Campos, M. I. G., Souza, A. P., Trevilatto, P. C., & Line, S. R. P. (n.d.). Analysis of MMP-1 and MMP-9 promoter polymorphisms in early osseointegrated implant failure. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 19(1), 38–43. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14982353
Seki, K., Hasuike, A., Iwano, Y., & Hagiwara, Y. (2020). Influence of antihypertensive medications on the clinical parameters of anodized dental implants: a retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Implant Dentistry, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-020-00231-9
Shimizu, Y., Nakazato, M., Sekita, T., Kadota, K., Yamasaki, H., Takamura, N., & Maeda, T. (2013). Association between alkaline phosphatase and hypertension in a rural Japanese population: The Nagasaki Islands study. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 32(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-6805-32-10
Stpień, E., Fedak, D., Klimeczek, P., Wilkosz, T., Banyś, R. P., Starzyk, K., & Pasowicz, M. (2012). Osteoprotegerin, but not osteopontin, as a potential predictor of vascular calcification in normotensive subjects. Hypertension Research, 35(5), 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2011.231
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Renata Falchete do Prado; Alessandra Manchini Cardoso Tarallo; Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos; Alecsandro Moura Silva; Lafayette Nogueira Junior; Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni Saavedra; Renato Sussumo Nishioka; Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.