Sciatic nerve-conditioned medium with the addition of Croton blanchetianus Baill essential oil promotes morphological plasticity in spinal cord cultured cells
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14591Keywords:
Essential oil; Sciatic nerve; Trophism; Neuroprotection.Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that leads to significant disabilities. The treatment for this problem is a challenge in neuroscience, and it is necessary to combine different strategies to obtain functional recovery outcomes. There are many herbal natural products, such as Croton blanchetianus Baill (CB) essential oil, a Brazilian semi-arid bush with neuroprotective substances tested in regeneration processes and synaptic plasticity. Thus, this study analyzed the cellular plasticity of spinal cord neurons and glial cells in the presence of sciatic nerve-conditioned medium (SNCM) before the addition of CB essential oil. Cell morphology was assessed over 96 hours, and immunocytochemistry analyses were conducted for GFAP, GAP-43 and NeuN. Photomicrographs were made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological analysis showed evident trophic development in the groups that received CB essential oil (P>0.000), immunoreactivity for GFAP, GAP-43 and NeuN and the plasticity of these cells were confirmed by SEM. This pioneer study about the plasticity of spinal cord neurons and glial cells opens new possibilities and techniques with essential oils for cell therapy in the presence of SNCM, which promoted neuroprotective action.
References
Angélico, E. C., Costa, J. G., Rodrigues, O. G., Lima, E. Q., & Medeiros, R. S. (2011). Composição química do óleo essencial das folhas de Croton blanchetianus (Baill): Resultados preliminares. Revista de Biologia e Farmácia, 5(2), 44–49.
Barbosa, L., Filomeno, C., & Teixeira, R. (2016). Chemical variability and biological activities of Eucalyptus spp. Essential oils. Molecules, 21(12), 1671. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules21121671
Bergman, R. (2000). Acute spinal cord trauma: Mechanisms and clinical syndromes-Secondary injury and clinical syndromes can aggravate the already critical nature of primary spinal cord trauma. Understanding the spinal. Veterinary Medicine, 95(11), 846–850.
Bizzo, H. R., Hovell, A. M. C., & Rezende, C. M. (2009). Brazilian essential oils: General view, developments and perspectives. Quimica Nova, 32(3), 588–594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000300005
Casella, G. T., Bunge, M. B., & Wood, P. M. (2004). Improved immunocytochemical identification of neural, endothelial, and inflammatory cell types in paraffin-embedded injured adult rat spinal cord. Journal of neuroscience methods, 139(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.04.008
Cemil, B., Topuz, K., Demircan, M. N., Kurt, G., Tun, K., Kutlay, M., Ipcioglu, O., & Kucukodaci, Z. (2010). Curcumin improves early functional results after experimental spinal cord injury. Acta neurochirurgica, 152(9), 1583–1590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-010-0702-x
Chariker, J. H., Gomes, C., Brabazon, F., Harman, K. A., Ohri, S. S., Magnuson, D. S., Whittemore, S. R., Petruska, J. C., & Rouchka, E. C. (2019). Transcriptome of dorsal root ganglia caudal to a spinal cord injury with modulated behavioral activity. Scientific data, 6(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0088-4
Chen, Y. Y., McDonald, D., Cheng, C., Magnowski, B., Durand, J., & Zochodne, D. W. (2005). Axon and Schwann cell partnership during nerve regrowth. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology, 64(7), 613–622. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jnen.0000171650.94341.46
Cheng, Y., Dong, Z., & Liu, S. (2014). β-Caryophyllene ameliorates the Alzheimer-like phenotype in APP/PS1 Mice through CB2 receptor activation and the PPARγ pathway. Pharmacology, 94(1–2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000362689
Choi, I.-Y., Ju, C., Anthony Jalin, A. M. A., Lee, D. I., Prather, P. L., & Kim, W.-K. (2013). Activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptor-mediated AMPK/CREB pathway reduces cerebral ischemic injury. The American Journal of Pathology, 182(3), 928–939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.024
Costa, A. P., Tramontina, A. C., Biasibetti, R., Batassini, C., Lopes, M. W., Wartchow, K. M., Bernardi, C., Tortorelli, L. S., Leal, R. B., & Gonçalves, C.-A. (2012). Neuroglial alterations in rats submitted to the okadaic acid-induced model of dementia. Behavioural brain research, 226(2), 420–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.09.035
Cunha, C., Brambilla, R., & Thomas, K. L. (2010). A simple role for BDNF in learning and memory? Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.02.001.2010
de Lima, L. R., & Pirani, J. R. (2008). Revisão taxonômica de Croton sect. Lamprocroton (Müll. Arg.) Pax (Euphorbiaceae ss). Biota Neotropica, 8(2), 177–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000200018
Dumont, R. J., Okonkwo, D. O., Verma, S., Hurlbert, R. J., Boulos, P. T., Ellegala, D. B., & Dumont, A. S. (2001). Acute spinal cord injury, part I: Pathophysiologic mechanisms. Clinical neuropharmacology, 24(5), 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-200109000-00002
Elufioye, T. O., Obuotor, E. M., Sennuga, A. T., Agbedahunsi, J. M., & Adesanya, S. A. (2010). Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some selected Nigerian medicinal plants. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 20(4), 472–477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2010000400002
Ferreira, D. A. S. (2015). Avaliação do efeito protetor do beta-cariofileno em modelos celulares de doenças neurodegenerativas [Thesis, Universidade de São Paulo]. https://doi.org/10.11606/T.60.2015.tde-17042015-093013
Guo, K., Mou, X., Huang, J., Xiong, N., & Li, H. (2014). Trans-caryophyllene suppresses hypoxia-induced neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation in microglia. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 54(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-014-0243-5
Guzen, F. P., de Almeida Leme, R. J., de Andrade, M. S. R., & Chadi, G. (2009). Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor added to a sciatic nerve fragment grafted in a spinal cord gap ameliorates motor impairments in rats and increases local axonal growth. Restorative neurology and neuroscience, 27(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-2009-0454
Guzen, F. P., Soares, J. G., de Freitas, L. M., Cavalcanti, J. R. L. de P., Oliveira, F. G., Araújo, J. F., Cavalcante, J. de S., Cavalcante, J. C., Nascimento Jr, E. S. do, & de Oliveira Costa, M. S. M. (2012). Sciatic nerve grafting and inoculation of FGF-2 promotes improvement of motor behavior and fiber regrowth in rats with spinal cord transection. Restorative neurology and neuroscience, 30(3), 265–275. https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-2012-110184
Hall, S. (2001). Nerve repair: A neurobiologist’s view. The Journal of Hand Surgery: British & European Volume, 26(2), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2000.0497
Houle, S. K., Grindrod, K. A., Chatterley, T., & Tsuyuki, R. T. (2013). Publicly funded remuneration for the administration of injections by pharmacists: An international review. Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada, 146(6), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163513506369
Huang, W. L., King, V. R., Curran, O. E., Dyall, S. C., Ward, R. E., Lal, N., Priestley, J. V., & Michael-Titus, A. T. (2007). A combination of intravenous and dietary docosahexaenoic acid significantly improves outcome after spinal cord injury. Brain, 130(11), 3004–3019. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm223
Lee, Y.-L., Wu, Y., Tsang, H. W., Leung, A. Y., & Cheung, W. M. (2011). A systematic review on the anxiolytic effects of aromatherapy in people with anxiety symptoms. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0277
Lin, M.-S., Sun, Y.-Y., Chiu, W.-T., Hung, C.-C., Chang, C.-Y., Shie, F.-S., Tsai, S.-H., Lin, J.-W., Hung, K.-S., & Lee, Y.-H. (2011). Curcumin attenuates the expression and secretion of RANTES after spinal cord injury in vivo and lipopolysaccharide-induced astrocyte reactivation in vitro. Journal of neurotrauma, 28(7), 1259–1269. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2011.1768
Liu, H., Song, Z., Liao, D., Zhang, T., Liu, F., Zhuang, K., Luo, K., & Yang, L. (2015). Neuroprotective effects of trans-caryophyllene against kainic acid induced seizure activity and oxidative stress in mice. Neurochemical research, 40(1), 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-014-1474-0
Marcos, A. B. W., Forner, S., Martini, A. C., Patrício, E. S., Clarke, J. R., Costa, R., Felix-Alves, J., Vieira, V. J., de Andrade, E. L., & Mazzuco, T. L. (2016). Temporal and regional expression of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and its receptor in spinal cord injured rats. Journal of neurotrauma, 33(3), 261–268. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.3877
Mothe, A. J., & Tator, C. H. (2012). Advances in stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury. The Journal of clinical investigation, 122(11), 3824–3834. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI64124
Mullen, R. J., Buck, C. R., & Smith, A. M. (1992). NeuN, a neuronal specific nuclear protein in vertebrates. Development, 116(1), 201–211.
Oliveira, D. R. de. (2016). Avaliação da atividade tipo antidepressiva do óleo essencial das folhas de Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil. E de seu componente majoritário, β-cariofileno.
Oliveira, I. M. M., Santos, H. S., Sena, D. M., Cruz, B. G., Teixeira, A. M. R., Freire, P. T. C., Braz-Filho, R., Sousa, J. W., Albuquerque, M. R. J. R., Bandeira, P. N., Bernardino, A. C. S. S., Gusmão, G. O. M., & Bento, R. R. F. (2015). Vibrational spectra and DFT calculations of sonderianin diterpene. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1099, 226–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.049
Ormond, D. R., Shannon, C., Oppenheim, J., Zeman, R., Das, K., Murali, R., & Jhanwar-Uniyal, M. (2014). Stem cell therapy and curcumin synergistically enhance recovery from spinal cord injury. PLoS One, 9(2), e88916. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088916
Ren, Y., & Young, W. (2013). Managing inflammation after spinal cord injury through manipulation of macrophage function. Neural plasticity, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/945034
Sampieri, R. H., Collado, C. F., & Lucio, M. D. P. B. (2013). Metodologia de Pesquisa (5a edição). McGraw-Hill.
Schwab, M. E. (2002). Repairing the injured spinal cord. Science, 295(5557), 1029–1031. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1067840
Souza, S. A. M., Meira, M. R., Figueiredo, L. D., & Martins, E. R. (2010). Óleos essenciais: Aspectos econômicos e sustentáveis. Enciclopédia Biosfera, 6(10), 1–11.
Tankam, J. M., & Ito, M. (2013). Inhalation of the essential oil of Piper guineense from Cameroon shows sedative and anxiolytic-like effects in mice. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 36(10), 1608–1614. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b13-00491
Varma, A. K., Das, A., Wallace, G., Barry, J., Vertegel, A. A., Ray, S. K., & Banik, N. L. (2013). Spinal cord injury: A review of current therapy, future treatments, and basic science frontiers. Neurochemical research, 38(5), 895–905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-013-0991-6
Wang, Z.-J., & Heinbockel, T. (2018). Essential oils and their constituents targeting the gabaergic system and sodium channels as treatment of neurological diseases. Molecules, 23(5), 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051061
Xu, G.-P., Dave, K. R., Vivero, R., Schmidt-Kastner, R., Sick, T. J., & Pérez-Pinzón, M. A. (2002). Improvement in neuronal survival after ischemic preconditioning in hippocampal slice cultures. Brain research, 952(2), 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(02)02988-8
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Luciana Cristina Borges Fernandes; Salvador Viana Gomes Junior ; Ianara Mendonça da Costa; Francisca Idalina Neta; Rodrigo Freire Oliveira; Lucídio Clebeson de Oliveira; Eduardo Pereira de Azevedo; Francisco Fábio Mesquita Oliveira; Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; Francisco Felipe Maia da Silva; Jael Soares Batista; José Rodolfo Lopes de Paiva Cavalcanti; Carlos Iberê Alves Freitas; Fausto Pierdoná Guzen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
