Species distribution and resistance profile of medical importance bacteria isolated from lesions of cats with sporotrichosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15377Keywords:
Feline sporotrichosis; Bacteriology; MRSA; Zoonosis.Abstract
Sporotrichosis is an infection with zoonotic potential caused by the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It is widely distributed worldwide. The cutaneous form is the most common presentation of the disease. The cat is one of the main animals affected, having numerous fungal cells in its lesions, becoming an important fungi disseminator. Due to the type of skin lesion caused by the fungus, secondary bacterial infections commonly occur. The aim of the present study was to learn about the most common bacterial agents involved in feline lesions with sporotrichosis, as well as their resistance profile to antimicrobial agents. The faster the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections is controlled, the faster the lesions heal. Consequently, the transmission of the disease is controlled. Samples of skin lesions or nasal discharge from 18 domiciled or semi-domiciled cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis were collected. Cats were evaluated for secondary bacterial infections. The samples were processed to isolate aerobic bacteria that were later identified by MALDI TOF. Susceptibility was assessed using the disk diffusion method for a total of 17 antimicrobial agents. The main species identified were Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus felis. Proteus mirabilis has also been identified in some samples. Among these microorganisms, two strains of S. aureus were identified as resistant to methicillin. The TSA's results showed sensitivity to most of the tested antimicrobials. Staphylococcus was the most identified genus in skin lesions and nasal secretions of cats with sporotrichosis. Most microorganisms were sensitive to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Penicillins and cephalosporins showed less potential for action on these bacteria, which showed greater resistance to these classes.
References
Abraham, J. L., Morris, D. O., Griffeth, G. C., Shofer, F. S., & Rankin, S. C. (2007). Surveillance of healthy cats and cats with inflammatory skin disease for colonization of the skin by methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci and Staphylococcus schleiferi ssp. schleiferi. Veterinary Dermatology, 18(4), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00604.x
Baptiste, K. E., Williams, K., Willams, N. J., Wattret, A., Clegg, P. D., Dawson, S., Corkill, J. E., O’Neill, T., & Hart, C. A. (2005). Methicillin-resistant staphylococci in companion animals. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11(12), 1942–1944. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1112.050241
Barros, M. B. L., Paes, R. D. A., & Schubach, A. O. (2011). Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 24(4), 633–654. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00007-11
Barros, M. B. L., Schubach, A., Schubach, T. M. P., Wanke, B., & Lambert-Passos, S. R. (2008). SHORT REPORT An epidemic of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil : epidemiological aspects of a series of cases. Epidemiology and IInfection, 136(9), 1192–1196. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268807009727
Bierowiec, K., Korzeniowska-Kowal, A., Wzorek, A., Rypuła, K., & Gamian, A. (2019). Prevalence of Staphylococcus Species Colonization in Healthy and Sick Cats. BioMed Research International, 2019, 4360525. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4360525
Boechat, J. S., Oliveira, M. M. E., Almeida-Paes, R., Gremião, I. D. F., Machado, A. C. D. S., Oliveira, R. D. V. C., Figueiredo, A. B. F., Rabello, V. B. D. S., Silva, K. B. D. L., Zancopé-Oliveira, R. M., Schubach, T. M. P., & Pereira, S. A. (2018a). Feline sporotrichosis : associations between clinical-epidemiological profiles and phenotypic-genotypic characteristics of the etiological agents in the Rio de Janeiro epizootic area. Memórias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 113(March), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170407
Boechat, J. S., Oliveira, M. M. E., Almeida-Paes, R., Gremião, I. D. F., Machado, A. C. de S., Oliveira, R. de V. C., Figueiredo, A. B. F., Rabello, V. B. de S., Silva, K. B. de L., Zancopé-Oliveira, R. M., Schubach, T. M. P., & Pereira, S. A. (2018b). Feline sporotrichosis: associations between clinical-epidemiological profiles and phenotypic-genotypic characteristics of the etiological agents in the Rio de Janeiro epizootic area. Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 113(3), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170407
Cavalcanti, S. N., & Coutinho, S. D. (2005). Identificação e perfil de sensibilidade bacteriana de Staphylococcus spp isolados da pele de cães sadios e com piodermite. Clínica Veterinária, 58, 60–66.
da Cruz, L. C. H. (2013). COMPLEXO Sporothrix schenckii. REVISÃO DE PARTE DA LITERATURA E CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O DIAGNÓSTICO E A EPIDEMIOLOGIA. Veterinária e Zootecnia, 20 (Edição, 8–28.
de Souza, E. W., Borba, C. de M., Pereira, S. A., Gremião, I. D. F., Langohr, I. M., Oliveira, M. M. E., de Oliveira, R. de V. C., da Cunha, C. R., Zancopé-Oliveira, R. M., de Miranda, L. H. M., & Menezes, R. C. (2018). Clinical features, fungal load, coinfections, histological skin changes, and itraconazole treatment response of cats with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 9074. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-27447-5
Devriese, L. A., Nzuambe, D., & Godard, C. (1984). Identification and characterization of staphylococci isolated from cats. Veterinary Microbiology, 9(3), 279–285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(84)90045-2
Ferreira, J. P., Anderson, K. L., Correa, M. T., Lyman, R., Ruffin, F., Reller, L. B., & Fowler, V. G. J. (2011). Transmission of MRSA between companion animals and infected human patients presenting to outpatient medical care facilities. PloS One, 6(11), e26978. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026978
Frank, L. A., Kania, S. A., Kirzeder, E. M., Eberlein, L. C., & Bemis, D. A. (2009). Risk of colonization or gene transfer to owners of dogs with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Veterinary Dermatology, 20(5–6), 496–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00826.x
Gremião, I. D. F., Miranda, L. H. M., Reis, E. G., Rodrigues, A. M., & Pereira, S. A. (2017). Zoonotic Epidemic of Sporotrichosis : Cat to Human Transmission. PLOS Pathogens, 13(1), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006077
Hemeg, H. A. (2021). Determination of phylogenetic relationships among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus recovered from infected humans and Companion Animals. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(4), 2098–2101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.017
Houghton, P. J., Hylands, P. J., Mensah, A. Y., Hensel, A., & Deters, A. M. (2005). In vitro tests and ethnopharmacological investigations : Wound healing as an example. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100(1–2), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.001
Huang, H., Pan, C., Chan, Y., Chen, J., & Wu, C. (2014). Use of the Antimicrobial Peptide Pardaxin ( GE33 ) To Protect against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Mice with Skin Injuries. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 58(3), 1538–1545. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02427-13
Igimi, S., Kawamura, S., Takahashi, E., & Mitsuoka, T. (1989). Staphylococcus felis , a New Species from Clinical Specimens from Cats. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 39(4), 373–377.
Kwaszewska, A., Lisiecki, P., Szemraj, M., & Szewczyk, E. M. (2015). [Animal Staphylococcus felis with the potential to infect human skin]. Medycyna doswiadczalna i mikrobiologia, 67(2), 69–78.
Loeffler, A, & Lloyd, D. H. (2010). Companion animals: a reservoir for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the community? Epidemiology and Infection, 138(5), 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268809991476
Loeffler, Anette, Boag, A. K., Sung, J., Lindsay, J. A., Guardabassi, L., Dalsgaard, A., Smith, H., Stevens, K. B., & Lloyd, D. H. (2005). Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among staff and pets in a small animal referral hospital in the UK. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 56(4), 692–697. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dki312
Lu, Y.-F., & McEwan, N. A. (2007). Staphylococcal and micrococcal adherence to canine and feline corneocytes: quantification using a simple adhesion assay. Veterinary Dermatology, 18(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00567.x
Medleau, L., & Blue, J. L. (1988). Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp isolated from feline skin lesions. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 193(9), 1080—1081. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/3198459
Morris, D. O., Rook, K. A., Shofer, F. S., & Rankin, S. C. (2008). Screening of Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus intermedius , and Staphylococcus schleiferi isolates obtained from small companion animals for antimicrobial resistance : a retrospective review of 749 isolates ( 2003 – 04 ). Veterinary Dermatology, 17(5), 332–337.
Mueller, R. S. (1999). Bacteria dermatoses. In Guagère E, Prélaud P, eds. A pratical Guide to Feline Dermatology (pp. 6.1-6.11). Merial.
O’Hara, C. M., Brenner, F. W., & Miller, J. M. (2000). Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 13(4), 534–546. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.4.534-546.2000
Older, C. E., Diesel, A., Patterson, A. P., Meason-Smith, C., Johnson, T. J., Mansell, J., Suchodolski, J. S., & Rodrigues Hoffmann, A. (2017). The feline skin microbiota: The bacteria inhabiting the skin of healthy and allergic cats. PloS One, 12(6), e0178555. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178555
Oliveira, M. E. O., Almeida-Paes, R., Muniz, M. M., Gutierrez-Galhardo, M. C., & Zancope-Oiveira, R. M. (2011). Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Sporothrix Isolates from an Epidemic Area of Sporotrichosis in Brazil. Mycopathology, 172(4), 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-011-9437-3
Patel, A., Lloyd, D. H., Howell, S. A., & Noble, W. C. (2002). Investigation into the potential pathogenicity of Staphylococcus felis in a cat. The Veterinary Record, 150(21), 668–669. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.150.21.668
Pereira, S. A., Passos, S. R. L., Silva, J. N., Gremião, I. D. F., Figueiredo, F. B., Teixeira, J. L., Monteiro, P. C. F., & Schubach, T. M. P. (2010). Papers Response to azolic antifungal agents for treating feline sporotrichosis. Veterinary Record, 166(10), 290–294. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.b4752
Qekwana, D. N., Sebola, D., Oguttu, J. W., & Odoi, A. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus species isolated from cats presented at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa. BMC Veterinary Research, 13(1), 286. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1204-3
Quinn, P. J., Markey, B. K., Carter, M. E., & Donelly, W J C Leonard, F. C. (2005). Família enterobacteriaceae. In Microbiologia Veterinária e Doenças Infecciosas (1st ed., pp. 51–53). Artmed
Rich, M. (2005). Staphylococci in animals: prevalence, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility, with an emphasis on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 62(2), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/09674845.2005.11732694
Rodrigues, A. M., Teixeira, M. D. M., Hoog, G. S. De, Schubach, P., Pereira, S. A., Fernandes, G. F., Maria, L., Bezerra, L., Felipe, M. S., & Camargo, Z. P. De. (2013). Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a High Prevalence of Sporothrix brasiliensis in Feline Sporotrichosis Outbreaks. PlOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7(6), e2281. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002281
Schubach, A., Barros, M. B. L., & Wanke, B. (2008). Epidemic sporotrichosis. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 21(2), 129–133.
Schubach, T. M. P., Schubach, A., Okamoto, T., Barros, M. B. L., Figueiredo, F. B., Cuzzi, T., Fialho-Monteiro, P. C., Reis, R. S., Perez, M. A., & Wanke, B. (2004). Evaluation of an epidemic of sporotrichosis in cats : 347 cases ( 1998 – 2001 ). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 224(10), 1623–1629.
Scott, C., Miller, W., & Griffin, C. (1996). Doenças fúngicas da pele. In Muller & Kirk - Dermatolgia de pequenos ainmais (5th ed., pp. 301–309). Interlivros Edições Ltda.
Scott, D. W., Miller, W. H., & Griffin, C. E. (2001). Bacterial skin disease. In Muller and Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology (6th ed., pp. 274–335). PA: W. B. Saunders Co.
Springer, B., Orendi, U., Much, P., Höger, G., Ruppitsch, W., Krziwanek, K., Metz-Gercek, S., & Mittermayer, H. (2009). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a new zoonotic agent? Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 121(3–4), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-008-1126-y
Woolley, K. L., Kelly, R. F., Fazakerley, J., Williams, N. J., Nuttall, T. J., & McEwan, N. A. (2008). Reduced in vitro adherence of Staphylococcus species to feline corneocytes compared to canine and human corneocytes. Veterinary Dermatology, 19(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00649.x
Yeboah-manu, D., Kpeli, G. S., Ruf, M. T., Asan-Ampah, K., Quenin-Fosu, K., Owusu-Mireku, E., Paintsil, A., Lamptey, I., Anku, B., Kwakye-Maclean, C., Newman, M., & Pluschke, G. (2013). Secondary Bacterial Infections of Buruli Ulcer Lesions Before and After Chemotherapy with Streptomycin and Rifampicin. PlOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7(5), e2191. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002191
Yu, H. W., & Vogelnest, L. J. (2012). Feline superficial pyoderma : a retrospective study of 52 cases ( 2001 – 2011 ). Veterinary Dermatology, 23(5), 448-e86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01085.x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Matheus Gomes Salvado; Bruno de Araújo Penna; Eliane de Oliveira Fereira; Erica Cristina Rocha Roier; Bruna de Azevedo Baêta; Renata Fernandes Ferreira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.