Vitamin D and COVID-19: An integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18058Keywords:
Coronavirus; COVID-19; Colecalciferol; Immune system.Abstract
The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of associating vitamin D in the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19. Several studies match on the importance of having a good immune system to avoid the risk of disease progression, enhancing the importance of having vitamin D in the human body. In this review, we will discuss the latest evidence on the metabolism and mechanism of action of vitamin D in the immune system, its biological targets, its importance in the immunological role, its health benefits, and its relationship with the pathogenicity of COVID-19, particularly in severe cases. However the large quantity of scientific data related to the topic, the result of this review shows that there is still having a lack of investigations that correlate genetic data and viral responses, in addition to randomized clinical studies that appraises the influence of vitamin D supplementation on the control and progression of the clinical condition of COVID-19.
References
Al Mheid, I., & Quyyumi, A. A. (2017). Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: controversy unresolved. J Am Coll Cardiol, 70(1), 89-100.
Alexander, J., Tinkov, A., Strand, T. A., Alehagen, U., Skalny, A., & Aaseth, J. (2020). Early nutritional interventions with zinc, selenium and vitamin D for raising anti-viral resistance against progressive COVID-19. Nutrients, 12(8), 2358.
Bae, M., & Kim, H. (2020). The role of vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium in immune system against COVID-19. Molecules, 25(22), 5346.
Barbosa, I. R., Galvão, M. H. R., Souza, T. A. D., Gomes, S. M., Medeiros, A. D. A., & Lima, K. C. D. (2020). Incidência e mortalidade por COVID-19 na população idosa brasileira e sua relação com indicadores contextuais: um estudo ecológico. Rev Bras Geriat Gerontol, 23 (1), 1-11.
BBC News (2020) Coronavirus: Almost half of Irish Covid-19 deaths in care homes. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52399869.
Bertoldi G, Gianesello L, Calò L. A. Letter: ACE2, Rho kinase inhibition and the potential role of vitamin D against COVID-19. AP&T's 2020; 52(3):577-578.
Bikle, D., Bouillon, R., Thadhani, R. & Schoenmakers, I. (2017). Vitamin D metabolites in captivity? Should we measure free or total 25(OH)D to assess vitamin D status? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 173, 105-116.
Bjelakovic, G., Gluud, L. L., Nikolova, D., Whitfield, K., Wetterslev, J., Simonetti, R. G. & Gluud, C. (2014). Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, 1-257.
Bourhia, M., Amrati, F. E.-Z., Ullah, R., Alqahtani, A. S., Bousta, D., Ibenmoussa, S. & Khlil, N. (2020). Coronavirus Treatments: What Drugs Might Work Against COVID-19? Nat Prod Commun, 15(7), 1-7.
Brito, D. T. M., Ribeiro, L. H. C., de Barros Silva, R., & Hilário, C (2020). Breve relato: os benefícios da vitamina D na COVID-19. Anais da 17ª Jornada UNIFACS de Inic Cient, 1-4.
Buford, T. W., Carter, C. S., VanDerPol, W. J., Chen, D., Lefkowitz, E. J., Eipers, P., D. Morrow, C., & Bamman, M. M. (2018). Composition and richness of the serum microbiome differ by age and link to systemic inflammation. GeroScience, 40(3), 257-268.
Carpagnano, G. E., Di Lecce, V., Quaranta, V. N., Zito, A., Buonamico, E., Capozza, E., Palumbo, A., Di Gioia, G., Valerio, V. N., & Resta, O. (2021). Vitamin D deficiency as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. J Endocrinol Investig, 44(4), 765-771.
Castro, L. C. G. (2011). O sistema endocrinológico vitamina D. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 55(8), 566-575.
Chen, T., Wu, D. I., Chen, H., Yan, W., Yang, D., Chen, G., Ma, K., Xu, D., Yu, H., Wang, H., Wang, T., Guo, W., Chen, J., Ding, C., Zhang, X., Huang, J., Han, M., Li, S., Luo, X., Zhao, J. & Ning, Q. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ, 368.
Editorial Nature. How epidemiology has shaped the COVID pandemic. Nature 2021; 589(7843), 491-492.
Fiske, C. T., Blackman, A., Maruri, F., Rebeiro, P. F., Huaman, M., Kator, J., Alggod, H. M. S., Sterling, T. R. (2019). Increased vitamin D receptor expression from macrophages after stimulation with M. tuberculosis among persons who have recovered from extrapulmonary tuberculosis. BMC infectious diseases, 19(1), 1-9.
Freitas, A. R. R., Giovanetti, M., & Alcantara, L. C. J. (2021). Variantes emergentes do SARS-CoV-2 e suas implicações na saúde coletiva. IAJMH, 4.
Gauzzi, M. C., & Fantuzzi, L. (2020). Reply to Jakovac: COVID-19, vitamin D, and type I interferon. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.
Griffin, T. P., Wall, D., Blake, L., Griffin, D. G., Robinson, S., Bell, M., Mulkerrin, E. C. & O’Shea, P. M. (2020). Higher risk of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency for rural than urban dwellers. J Steroid Biochem,197, 105547.
Haan, K., Groeneveld, A. J., de Geus, H. R., Egal, M., & Struijs, A. (2014). Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and mortality in the critically ill: systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical care, 18(6), 1-8.
Hermant, P., & Michiels, T. (2014). Interferon-λ in the context of viral infections: production, response and therapeutic implications. IEIIS, 6(5), 563-574.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., Gao, H., Guo, L., Xie, J., Wang, G., Jiang, R., Gao, Z., Jin, Q., Wang, J & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395(10223), 497-506.
Ilie, P. C., Stefanescu, S., & Smith, L. (2020). The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging Clinl Exp Res, 32(7), 1195-1198.
Jean, G., Souberbielle, J. C. & Chazot, C. (2017) Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Patients. Nutrients, 9(4), 328-343.
Keum, N., Lee, D. H., Greenwood, D. C., Manson, J. E., & Giovannucci, E. (2019). Vitamin D supplementation and total cancer incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Oncol, 30(5), 733-743.
Khan, R. J., Jha, R. K., Singh, E., Jain, M., Amera, G. M., Singh, R. P., Jayaraman M., Singh, A. K. (2020). Identificação de candidatos promissores a drogas antivirais contra a proteína não estrutural 15 (NSP15) do SARS-CoV-2: um estudo de reaproveitamento de drogas assistido in silico. J Biomol Struct Dyn, 1-11.
Kloc, M., Ghobrial, R. M., Lipińska-Opałka, A., Wawrzyniak, A., Zdanowski, R., Kalicki, B., & Kubiak, J. Z. (2021). Effects of vitamin D on macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) hyperinflammatory response in the lungs of COVID-19 patients. Cell Immunol, 360, 104259.
Koche, J. C. (2011). Fundamentos de Metodologia Científica. (1a ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Vozes.
Kongsbak, M., Levring, T. B., Geisler, C., & Essen, M. R. (2013). The vitamin d receptor and T cell function. Front Immunol, 4, 148.
Kratz, D. B., Silva, G. S. & Tenfen, A. (2018). Deficiência de vitamina D (250H) e seu impacto na qualidade de vida: uma revisão de literatura. Revista RBAC, 50(2), 118-123.
Lichtenstein, A., Ferreira-Júnior, M., Sales, M. M., Aguiar, F. B. D., Fonseca, L. A. M., Sumita, N. M., & Duarte, A. J. (2013). vitamina D: ações extraósseas e uso racional. RAMB, 59, 495-506.
Liu, G., Hong, T. & Yang, J. (2020). A Single Large Dose of Vitamin D Could be Used as a Means of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevention and Treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther, 14, 3429-3434.
Liu, L. C. Y., Voors, A. A., Veldhuisen, D. J., Veer, E., Belonje, A. M., Szymanski, M. K., Silljé, H. H. W., Gilst, W. H., Jaarsma, T. & Boer, R. A. (2011). Vitamin D status and outcomes in heart failure patients. EurJHF, 13(6), 619-625.
Liu, N., Sun, J., Wang, X., Zhang, T., Zhao, M., & Li, H. (2021). Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis, 104, 58-64.
Mardani, R., Alamdary, A., Nasab, S. M, Gholami, R., Ahmadi, N., & Gholami, A. (2020). Associação da vitamina D com a modulação da gravidade da doença em COVID-19. Virus research, 289 , 198148.
Marinho, P. R. D., Cordeiro, G. M., Coelho, H. F., & Brandão, S. C. S. (2020). Covid-19 in Brazil: A sad scenario. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 20, 1-4.
Martineau, A. R., & Forouhi, N. G. (2020). Vitamin D for COVID-19: a case to answer? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 8(9), 735-736.
McKenna, M. J., & Flynn, M. A. T. (2020). Covid-19 cocooning and vitamin D intake requirements. Ir Med J, 113, 79.
Mendy, A., Apewokin, S., Wells, A. A., & Morrow, A. L. (2020). Factors associated with hospitalization and disease severity in a racially and ethnically diverse population of COVID-19 patients. MedRxiv.
Merzon, E., Tworowski, D., Gorohovski, A., Vinker, S., Cohen, G. A., & Green, I. Frenkel-Morgenstern M. (2020). Low plasma 25 (OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study. FEBS Journal, 287(17), 3693-3702.
Newmark, H., Dantoft, W., & Ghazal, P. (2017). Origem evolutiva do eixo interferon-imune metabólico: a ligação esterol-vitamina D. Front immunol, 8, 62.
Nickbakhsh, S., Mair, C., Matthews, L., Reeve, R., Johnson, P. C., Thorburn, F., Wissmann, B., Reynolds, A., McMenamin, J., Gunson, R.N. & Murcia, P. R. (2019). Virus–virus interactions impact the population dynamics of influenza and the common cold. PNAS, 116(52), 27142-27150.
Panarese, A., & Shahini, E. (2020). COVID‐19, and vitamin D. AP&T, 51(10), 993.
Phelan, A. L., Katz, R., & Gostin, L. O. (2020). The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance. Jama, 323(8), 709-710.
Posso, M., Comas, M., Román, M., Domingo, L., Louro, J., González, C., Sala, M., Anglès, A., Cirera, I., Cots, F., Frías, V., Gea, J., Güerri-Fernández, R., Masclans, J. R., Noguès, X., Vázquez, O., Villar-García, J., Horcajada, J. P., Pascual, J. & Castells, X. (2020). Comorbidities and mortality in patients with COVID-19 aged 60 years and older in a university hospital in Spain. Arch bronconeumol., 56(11), 756.
Rhodes, J. M., Subramanian, S., Laird, E., & Kenny, R. A. (2020). low population mortality from COVID‐19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 51(12), 1434.
Sanada, F., Taniyama, Y., Muratsu, J., Otsu, R., Shimizu, H., Rakugi, H., & Morishita, R. (2018). Source of chronic inflammation in Aging. Fronti. Cardiovasc., 5, 12.
Shalayel, M. H., Al-Mazaideh, G. M., Aladaileh, S. H., Al-Swailmi, F. K. e Al-Thiabat, M. G. (2020). A vitamina D é um inibidor potencial de COVID-19: acoplamento molecular in silico ao local de ligação da endoribonuclease Nsp15 da SARS-CoV-2. Pak J Pharm Sci, 33 (5).
Siuka, D., Pfeifer, M., & Pinter, B. (2020). Vitamin D supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mayo Clin Proc, 95(8), 1804-1805.
Sousa, S. M. (2016). A vitamina D e o seu papel na prevenção de doenças. Tese de mestrado, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.
Sun, Y., Hu, X., & Xie, J. (2021). Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 mortality rate in relation to socioeconomic and environmental factors across England. Sci Total Environ, 758, 143595, 1-11.
Teixeira, H. C. L., Dias, L. S., Bizarro, H. D. S. & Castro, J. M. A. (2018). Efeitos contrastantes da vitamina D sobre a resposta imune inata e adquirida e seu impacto na recuperação da tuberculose. HU Revista, 44(3), 369-378.
Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang J., Wang Y., Song B., Xiaoying G., Guan L., Wey Y., Li H., Wu X., Xu J., Tu S., Zhang Y., Chen H., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet, 395(10229), 1054-1062.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Jordy Silva de Carvalho; Marina Galdino da Rocha Pitta; Ítalo Rufino de Queiroz Fernandes; Trinnye Luizze Santos; Luzilene Pereira de Lima; Rhuann Pontes dos Santos Silva; Manuela Barbosa Rodrigues de Souza
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.