Determination of carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels in donated blood

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18859

Keywords:

Blood bag; Carboxyhaemoglobin; Methaemoglobin; Storage period.

Abstract

To determine the percentages of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) and methaemoglobin (MeHb) in donor blood and to compare these levels between smokers and nonsmokers at different time points during blood storage. Blood donors were recruited from Haematology Service, University Hospital Alzira Velano, Alfenas-MG. The blood was kept in collecting ducts (noodles) containing citrate, phosphate and dextrose (CPD) and stored at 4°C throughout the storage period. Since the noodles kept the characteristics of the bags, COHb and MeHb levels were analysed on the day of donation and after 20 days of storage. Levels of COHb and MeHb were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Non-parametric Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests were employed to compare COHb and MeHb levels before and after the storage and groups of smokers and nonsmokers, respectively. Levels of COHb and MeHb in the blood collected from smokers and nonsmokers were statistically different (p< 0.05; Mann- Whitney test) when the samples were analyzed before the storage. In blood of smokers, COHb levels were no different over a 20-day storage period (p= 0.7009; Friedman test). On the other hand, MeHb levels were significant different over a 20-day storage period (p< 0.05). The results suggest the need to regularly assess COHb and MeHb levels in donor blood stored in blood banks.

References

Åberg, A. M., Sojka, B. N., Winsö, O., Abrahamsson, P., Johansson, G., & Larsson, J. E. (2009). Carbon monoxide concentration in donated blood: Relation to cigarette smoking and other sources. Transfusion, 49(2), 347–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01951.x

Aronow, W. S., O’Donohue, W. J., Freygang, J., & Sketch, M. H. (1984). Carboxyhemoglobin levels in banked blood. Chest, 85(5), 694–695. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.85.5.694

Bachelet, M., Marchand, F., Souil, E., Weyer, A., & Polla, B. S. (2002). Expression and localization of heat shock proteins in rat basophilic leukemia cells : differential modulation by degranulation , thermal or oxidative stress. Allergy, 57, 791–797. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.23665.x

Baselt R.C. (1997). Biological monitoring methods for industrial chemical. 3rd ed. Foster City: Biomedical Publications.

Beutler, E., & West, C. (1984). Simplified determination of carboxyhemoglobin. Clinical Chemistry, 30(6), 871–874.

Carrazza, M. Z., Carrazza, F. R., & Oga, S. (2000). Clinical and laboratory parameters in dapsone acute intoxication. Carrazza, M Z Carrazza, F R Oga, S, 34(4), 396–401.

Czogała, J., Wardas, W., & Goniewicz, M. Ł. (2006). Determination of low carboxyhemoglobin blood levels by gas chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta, 556(2), 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.074

Ehlers, M., Labaze, G., Hanakova, M., McCloskey, D., & Wilner, G. (2009). Alarming Levels of Carboxyhemoglobin in Banked Blood. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 23(3), 336–338. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2008.12.006

Evelyn, K. A., & Malloy, H. T. (1938). Microdetermination of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and sulfhemoglobin in a single sample of blood. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 126, 655–662.

Krautter, G. R., Chen, P. X., & Borgerding, M. F. (2015). Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable tobacco products, Dual use, or tobacco abstinence. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 71(2), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.016

Madany, I. M. (1992). Carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood donors in Bahrain. Science of the Total Environment, The, 116(1–2), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90364-X

Maestrelli, P., El Messlemani, A. H., De Fina, O., Nowicki, Y., Saetta, M., Mapp, C., & Fabbri, L. M. (2001). Increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in alveolar spaces and HO-2 in alveolar walls of smokers. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 164(8 I), 1508–1513. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.164.8.2011083

Mao, Q., Kawaguchi, A. T., Mizobata, S., Motterlini, R., Foresti, R., & Kitagishi, H. (2021). Sensitive quantification of carbon monoxide in vivo reveals a protective role of circulating hemoglobin in CO intoxication. Communications Biology, 4(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01880-1

Milman, N., & Pedersen, A. N. (2009). Blood haemoglobin concentrations are higher in smokers and heavy alcohol consumers than in non-smokers and abstainers - Should we adjust the reference range? Annals of Hematology, 88(7), 687–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-008-0647-9

Rajashekharaiah, V., Koshy, A. A., Koushik, A. K., Kaur, H., Kumari, K., Agrawal, M., Priyanka, Ramya, Khatai, S., Gowda, V., & Kumar, V. (2012). The efficacy of erythrocytes isolated from blood stored under blood bank conditions. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 47(3), 359–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2012.06.014

Ramirez, H. B., Alvarez, R. F., Cuadrado, G. R., Gonzalez, C. M., Jerez, F. R., & Clara, P. C. (2014). Elevated carboxyhemoglobin: Sources of carbon monoxide exposure. Archivos de Bronconeumologia, 50(11), 465–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbr.2014.09.009

Salles, J. C. (2013). Exposição ao monóxido de carbono: as alterações cardiovasculares no organismo humano. Universidade Federal da Bahia.

Scaff, J. E. R. S., Oliveira, G. G. R., Filho, A. R. A. F., Marques, L. G. R. de A., Rebouças, L. O. V., Madi Filho, S. A., & Silva Júnior, J. L. R. da. (2020). Prevalência e fatores relacionados a metahemoglobinemia em indivíduos da atenção básica de Anápolis-Go. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(7), 44270–44280. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n7-153

Siqueira, M. E. P. B. de, Martins, I., Costa, A. C., Andrade, E. L., Esteves, M. T. C., & Lima, S. A. (1997). Reference values for carboxyhemoglobin. Journal of Public Health, 31(6), 618–623. https://doi.org/10.22278/2318-2660.2016.v40.n3.a1838

Siqueira, M.E.P.B. de, Vieira, E.P., Brockelmann, C.S.R., Martins, I. (1999). Biomarkers evaluation in tobacco smokers: carboxyhemoglobin, urinary thiocyanate and plasma thiocyanate. Braz j Pharm Sci, 35: 65-72.

Smithline, H. A., Ward, K. R., Chiulli, D. A., Blake, H. C., & Rivers, E. P. (2003). Whole body oxygen consumption and critical oxygen delivery in response to prolonged and severe carbon monoxide poisoning. Resuscitation, 56(1), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9572(02)00272-1

Spada, C., Treitinger, A., & Souza, M. A. (2006). Prevalência do tabagismo em doadores de sangue da região serrana de Santa Catarina – Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, 28(1), 19–23. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-84842006000100006

Szczepiorkowski, Z. M., & Dunbar, N. M. (2013). Transfusion guidelines: when to transfuse. Hematology / the Education Program of the American Society of Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program, 2013, 638–644. https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.638

Uchida, I., Tashiro, C., Koo, Y. H., Mashimo, T., & Yoshiya, I. (1990). Carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels in banked blood. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 2(2), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0952-8180(90)90059-C

Westphal, M., Morita, N., Enkhbaatar, P., Murakami, K., Traber, L., & Traber, D. L. (2003). Carboxyhemoglobin formation following smoke inhalation injury in sheep is interrelated with pulmonary shunt fraction. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 311(3), 754–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.063

Downloads

Published

11/08/2021

How to Cite

SILVÉRIO, A. C. P. .; MACHADO, S. C. .; SILVA, V. C. C. .; RODRIGUES, E.; MARTINS, I. . Determination of carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin levels in donated blood. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 10, p. e294101018859, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18859. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/18859. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 10

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Alessandra Cristina Pupin Silvério; Simone Caetani Machado; Vanessa Caroline Cardoso Silva; Estéfane Rodrigues; Isarita Martins

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.