Prophylactic use of an ultra-diluted complex on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and respiratory scores of weaned Holstein calves immediately after grouping
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19582Keywords:
Calves; Homeopathy; Oxidative burst; Phagocytosis; Pneumonia.Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an ultra-diluted complex supplementation as a prophylactic strategy on immunity, performance, and respiratory scores of weaned Holstein calves immediately after grouping. Thirty-six weaned Holstein female calves (80.4±1.3 days old; 105.6±10.4 kg) were allocated to 6 pens (n=6 per pen) in a completely randomized design experiment in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. During a 28 days period, animals received a total mixed ration and were enrolled into two different groups (n=18 per group): 1) Control (basal diet + calcium carbonate, top-dressed at 30 g/animal/d – ultra-diluted placebo vehicle), or 2) ultra-diluted complex (basal diet + TopVita™-Real H, top-dressed at 30 g/animal/d – Sulphur:10-60 + Viola tricolor:10-14 + Caladium seguinum:10-30 + Zincum oxydatum:10-30 + Phosphorus:10-60 + Cardus marianus:10-60 + Colibacillinum:10-30 + Podophyllum:10-30 + Vehicle: calcium carbonate; q.s. 1kg). Blood samples were collected from each heifer at enrollment and 28 days later to assess polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function and blood cell count. Body weight was assessed at enrollment and 28 days later at the end of the study. Regarding respiratory-screening process, a calf scoring system modified for calves in group pens was used. There was no effect of prophylactic ultra-diluted treatment on PMNL, nor it affected lymphocytes count and its ratio. Besides, the ultra-diluted product did not affect body weight and ADG. Further, no effect was observed in respiratory scores throughout the study period. In conclusion, the ultra-diluted complex did not improve blood cells count and PMNL function, nor it had impact on the performance of weaned Holstein calves after grouping.
References
Alhussien, M. N., & Dang, A. K. (2020). Interaction between stress hormones and phagocytic cells and its effect on the health status of dairy cows: A review. Veterinary World, 13(9), 1837–1848. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1837-1848
Arlt, S., Padberg, W., Drillich, M., & Heuwieser, W. (2009). Efficacy of homeopathic remedies as prophylaxis of bovine endometritis. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(10), 4945–4953. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2142
Bøe, K. E., & Færevik, G. (2003). Grouping and social preferences in calves , heifers and cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 80, 175–190.
Bolt, S. L., Boyland, N. K., Mlynski, D. T., James, R., & Croft, D. P. (2017). Pair housing of dairy calves and age at pairing: Effects on weaning stress, health, production and social networks. PLoS ONE, 12(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166926
De Paula Vieira, A., von Keyserlingk, M. A. G., & Weary, D. M. (2012). Presence of an older weaned companion influences feeding behavior and improves performance of dairy calves before and after weaning from milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(6), 3218–3224. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4821
Doehring, C., & Sundrum, A. (2016). Efficacy of homeopathy in livestock according to peer-reviewed publications from 1981 to 2014. Veterinary Record, 179(24), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103779
Hahnemann, S. (1810). Organon der rationellen Heilkunde (Vol. 1). Arnold.
Heinrichs, A. J., Rogers, G. W., & Cooper, J. B. (1992). Predicting Body Weight and Wither Height in Holstein Heifers Using Body Measurements. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(12), 3576–3581. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78134-X
Hulbert, L. E., Cobb, C. J., Carroll, J. A., & Ballou, M. A. (2011). Effects of changing milk replacer feedings from twice to once daily on Holstein calf innate immune responses before and after weaning1. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(5), 2557–2565. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3980
Hulbert, Lindsey E., & Ballou, M. A. (2012). Innate immune responses and health of individually reared Holstein calves after placement into transition-pens 23 d after weaning. Journal of Dairy Research, 79(3), 333–340. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029912000271
Leblanc, S. J. (2020). Review : Relationships between metabolism and neutrophil function in dairy cows in the peripartum period. Animal, 14(S1), s44–s55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119003227
Lundborg, G. K., Svensson, E. C., & Oltenacu, P. A. (2005). Herd-level risk factors for infectious diseases in Swedish dairy calves aged 0-90 days. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 68(2–4), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.11.014
Mathie, R. T., Ramparsad, N., Legg, L. A., Clausen, J., Moss, S., Davidson, J. R. T., Messow, C. M., & McConnachie, A. (2017). Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of non-individualised homeopathic treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0445-3
McCarthy, M. M., Yasui, T., Felippe, M. J. B., & Overton, T. R. (2016). Associations between the degree of early lactation inflammation and performance, metabolism, and immune function in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(1), 680–700. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9694
McGuirk, S. M., & Peek, S. F. (2014). Timely diagnosis of dairy calf respiratory disease using a standardized scoring system. Animal Health Research Reviews, 15(2), 145–147. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252314000267
NAHMS National Animal Health Monitoring System. (2007). Dairy 2007 Heifer Calf Health and Management Practices on U.S. Dairy Operations, 2007. In USDA:APHIS:VS. USDA (Issue October). https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/dairy/downloads/dairy07/Dairy07_ir_CalfHealth_1.pdf
Sellers, M. D., Hulbert, L. E., & Ballou, M. A. (2013). Technical note: Determination of preanalysis storage temperature and time allowances for ex vivo innate immune responses. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(1), 384–389. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5750
Svensson, C., & Liberg, P. (2006). The effect of group size on health and growth rate of Swedish dairy calves housed in pens with automatic milk-feeders. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 73(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.08.021
Yin, R. K. (2015). O estudo de Caso (5th ed.). Bookman.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Thiago Henrique da Silva; Iuli Caetano da Silva Brandão Guimarães; Mellory Martinson Martins; Arlindo Saran Netto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
