SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: potential relationship between psychiatric disorders and pulpits
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.20372Keywords:
Coronavirus; COVID-19; Desordem psiquiátrica; Pulpite; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Mental disorders; Pulpitis; SARS-CoV-2.Abstract
The coronavirus outbreak is a global public health emergency with high transmission among the population. Over 18 million people were affected globally (06th August 2020). In most of the cases, patients present flu-like symptoms, such as fever, cough, headaches and myalgias are commonly reported. Lockdown measures have been implemented to control the spread of the virus. In contrast, these measures have been reported to increase the probability of psychological and physical disorders. As the pandemic intensifies, the number of patients seeking dental emergency services due to acute symptoms (i.e. pulpitis, acute apical abscesses) has increased. There is an increasing need to investigate the association between psychological disorders and dental emergencies. There is critical need for the development of public policies for mental and dental health worldwide, leading to the improvement in the quality of life of the population.
References
World Health Organization (WHO). https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen, accessed 3 June 2020.
The Lancet. Emerging understandings of COVID-19. Lancet. (2020). 395 (10221):311.
World Health Organization (WHO). https://covid19.who.int/, accessed 10 July 2020.
Carlos, W. G., Dela Cruz, C. S., Cao, B., Pasnick, S & Jamil, S. (2020). Novel Wuhan (2019-nCoV) coronavirus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 201 (4):P7-P8
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 395 (10223):497-506.
Lee, Y., Min, P., Lee, S & Kim, S. W. (2020). Prevalence and duration of acute loss of smell or taste in COVID-19 Patients. J Korean Med Sci. 35 (18):174.
Ren, L. L., Wang, Y. M., Wu, Z. Q., et al. (2020). Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study. Chin Med J (Engl). 133 (9):1015-24.
Rothan, H. A & Byrareddy, S. N. (2020). The epidemiology and pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 109 (1):102433.
Wang, W., Tang, J & Wei, F. (2020). Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol. 92 (4):441-7.
Gostin, L. O & Wiley, L. F. (2020). Governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Stay-at-home orders, business closures, and travel restrictions. JAMA. 323 (21):2137-8.
Hagger, M. S., Keech, J. J & Hamilton, K. (2020). Managing stress during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and beyond: Reappraisal and mindset approaches. Stress Health. 36 (3):396-401.
Zorrilla, E. P., Luborsky, L., McKay, J. R., et al. (2001). The relationship of depression and stressors to immunological assays: a meta-analytic review. Brain Behav Immun. 15 (3):199-226.
Felger, J. C & Miller, A. H. (2020). Identifying immunophenotypes of inflammation in depression: Dismantling the monolith. Biol Psychiatry. 88 (2):136-8.
Berthold-Losleben, M & Himmerich, H. (2008). The TNF-alpha system: Functional aspects in depression, narcolepsy and psychopharmacology. Curr Neuropharmacol. 6 (3):193-202.
Levin, L. G., Law, A. S., Holland, G. R., Abbott, P. V & Roda, R. S. (2009). Identify and define all diagnostic terms for pulpal health and disease states. J Endod. 35 (12), 1645-57.
Rechenberg, D. K., Galicia, J. C & Peters, O. A. (2016). Biological markers for pulpal inflammation: A systematic review. PLoS One. 11 (11): 0167289.
Proctor, M. E., Turner, D. W., Kaminski, E. J., Osetek, E. M & Heuer, M. A. (1991). Determination and relationship of C-reactive protein in human dental pulps and in serum. J Endod. 17 (6):265-70.
Pezelj-Ribaric, S., Anic, I., Brekalo, I., Miletic, I., Hasan, M & Simunovic-Soskic, M. (2002) Detection of tumor necrosis factor alpha in normal and inflamed human dental pulps. Arch Med Res. 33 (5):482-4.
Elsalhy, M., Azizieh, F & Raghupathy, R. (2013). Cytokines as diagnostic markers of pulpal inflammation. Int Endod J. 46 (6):573-80.
Petrini, M., Ferrante, M., Ciavarelli, L., Brunetti, L., Vacca, M & Spoto, G. (2012). Prostaglandin E2 to diagnose between reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 25 (1):157-63.
Martinho, F. C., Chiesa, W. M., Leite, F. R., Cirelli, J. A & Gomes, B. P. (2011). Antigenicity of primary endodontic infection against macrophages by the levels of PGE(2) production. J Endod. 37 (5):602-7.
Garrido, M., Dezerega, A., Bordagaray, M. J., et al. (2015). C-reactive protein expression is up-regulated in apical lesions of endodontic origin in association with interleukin-6. J Endod. 41 (4):464-9.
Bai, J., Xu, T., Ji, AP., Sun, W & Huang, M. W. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on oral emergency services. Int Dent J. 71 (1):27-31.
Guo, H., Zhou, Y., Liu, X & Tan, J. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the utilization of emergency dental services. J Dent Sci. 15(4):564-567
Yu, J., Zhang, T., Zhao, D., Haapasalo, M & Shen Y. (2020). Characteristics of endodontic emergencies during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Wuhan. J Endod. 46 (6):730-5.
Grossman, S., Sandhu, P., Sproat, C & Patel, V. (2020). Provision of dental services at a single institution in the UK's epicentre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br Dent J. 228 (12):964-70.
Marouf, N., Cai, W., Said, K.N., et al. (2021). Association between periodontitis and severity of COVID-19 infection: A case-control study. J Clin Periodontol. 48 (4):483-491
Hobson, P. (1965). The bacteriological problems of root canals therapy. Dental Practitioner and Dental Records. 16 (2):43-7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Rodrigo Arruda-Vasconcelos; Lidiane Mendes Louzada; Esdras Gabriel Alves-Silva; Rebecca Figueiredo de Almeida-Gomes; Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon; Paulo Henrique dos Santos; Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
