Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19: a systematic review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22585

Keywords:

Coronavirus Infections; SARS-CoV-2; Guillain-Barre Syndrome.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a virus belonging to the coronavirus family and the causative agent of COVID-19. It was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan City, China, it had worldwide dissemination, generating a series of uncertainties regarding its immunopathology and consequences in a short period of time. Among the studies analyzed, there seems to be a possible relationship of previous COVID-19 infection and development of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), an acute immune polyradiculoneuropathy. The present study with a protocol registered in Open Science (https://osf.io/qe625) aims to analyze the published literature of the mechanism with which COVID-19 can trigger GBS as a secondary framework. To this do so, the methodology of systematic review was used, with data collection performed from March 16, 2021 to March 28, 2021, using individual search strategies described according to Annex 1 in pubmed and embase databases. Inclusion criteria were: articles describing the mechanism of GBS after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, excluding systematic reviews, narrative reviews, literature reviews or meta-analyses, as well as reports with pediatric, hebiatric, obstetric and geriatric patients were not accepted. The results showed 11 articles describing the mechanisms, of which 2 were cohort studies and 9 case reports, all from infected patients with COVID-19 secondarily manifesting GBS. It is concluded that, despite the sparse literature, SARS-CoV-2 can trigger immunoinflammatory responses that trigger a neurological complication picture of GBS.

References

Ameer, N., Shekhda, K. M., & Cheesman, A. (2020). Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting with COVID-19 infection. BMJ Case Reports CP, 13(9), e236978. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236978

Andalib, S., Biller, J., Di Napoli, M., Moghimi, N., McCullough, L. D., Rubinos, C. A., O’Hana Nobleza, C., Azarpazhooh, M. R., Catanese, L., Elicer, I., Jafari, M., Liberati, F., Camejo, C., Torbey, M., & Divani, A. A. (2021). Peripheral nervous system manifestations associated with covid-19. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 21(3), 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-021-01102-5

Benvenuto, A., Carella, A. M., Conte, M., Florio, C., De Luca, P., Modola, G., Damone, F. P., Marinelli, T., Nargiso, M., Ciavarrella, G., & Di Pumpo, M. (2020). Atypical clinical presentation of COVID-19: A case of Guillain-Barrè Syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Italian Journal of Medicine, 119–119.

Boostani, R., Talab, F. R., Meibodi, N. T., & Zemorshidi, F. (2021). COVID-19 associated with sensorimotor polyradiculoneuropathy and skin lesions: A case report. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 350, 577434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577434

Bueso, T., Montalvan, V., Lee, J., Gomez, J., Ball, S., Shoustari, A., Julayanont, P., & Jumper, C. (2021). Guillain-barre syndrome and covid-19: A case report. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 200, 106413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106413

Camdessanche, J.-P., Morel, J., Pozzetto, B., Paul, S., Tholance, Y., & Botelho-Nevers, E. (2020). COVID-19 may induce Guillain–Barré syndrome. Revue Neurologique, 176(6), 516–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.003

Créange, A. (2016). Guillain-Barré syndrome: 100 years on. Revue Neurologique, 172(12), 770–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2016.10.011

Ebrahim Soltani, Z., Rahmani, F., & Rezaei, N. (2019). Autoimmunity and cytokines in Guillain-Barré syndrome revisited: Review of pathomechanisms with an eye on therapeutic options. European Cytokine Network, 30(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2019.0424

Freire, M., Andrade, A., Sopeña, B., Lopez-Rodriguez, M., Varela, P., Cacabelos, P., Esteban, H., & González-Quintela, A. (2021). Guillain Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19- lessons learned about its pathogenesis during the first year of the pandemic, a systematic review. Autoimmunity Reviews, 20(8), 102875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102875

Gale, A., Sabaretnam, S., & Lewinsohn, A. (2020). Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19: Association or coincidence. BMJ Case Reports CP, 13(11), e239241. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-239241

Galvão, T. F., Pansani, T. de S. A., & Harrad, D. (2015). Principais itens para relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises: A recomendação PRISMA. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 24(2), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742015000200017

Juliao Caamaño, D. S., & Alonso Beato, R. (2020). Facial diplegia, a possible atypical variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome as a rare neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 77, 230–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.016

Keyhanian, K., Umeton, R. P., Mohit, B., Davoudi, V., Hajighasemi, F., & Ghasemi, M. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis to clinical manifestation. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 350, 577436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577436

Kilinc, D., Pasch, S., Doets, A. Y., Jacobs, B. C., Vliet, J., & Garssen, M. P. J. (2020). Guillain–Barré syndrome after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. European Journal of Neurology, 27(9), 1757–1758. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14398

Kim, J.-E., Heo, J.-H., Kim, H., Song, S., Park, S.-S., Park, T.-H., Ahn, J.-Y., Kim, M.-K., & Choi, J.-P. (2017). Neurological complications during treatment of middle east respiratory syndrome. Journal of Clinical Neurology, 13(3), 227. https://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2017.13.3.227

Lascano, A. M., Epiney, J. ‐B., Coen, M., Serratrice, J., Bernard‐Valnet, R., Lalive, P. H., Kuntzer, T., & Hübers, A. (2020). SARS‐CoV‐2 and Guillain–Barré syndrome: AIDP variant with a favourable outcome. European Journal of Neurology, 27(9), 1751–1753. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14368

Leonhard, S. E., Bresani-Salvi, C. C., Lyra Batista, J. D., Cunha, S., Jacobs, B. C., Brito Ferreira, M. L., & P. Militão de Albuquerque, M. de F. (2020). Guillain-Barré syndrome related to Zika virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical and electrophysiological phenotype. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(4), e0008264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008264

Li, Z. (2021). Bioinformatic analyses hinted at augmented T helper 17 cell differentiation and cytokine response as the central mechanism of COVID- 19– associated Guillain- Barré syndrome. Cell prolifation. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpr.13024?src=getftr

Mohammadi, S., Moosaie, F., & Aarabi, M. H. (2020). Understanding the immunologic characteristics of neurologic manifestations of sars-cov-2 and potential immunological mechanisms. Molecular Neurobiology, 57(12), 5263–5275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-02094-y

Nampoothiri, S., Sauve, F., Ternier, G., Fernandois, D., Coelho, C., Imbernon, M., Deligia, E., Perbet, R., Florent, V., Baroncini, M., Pasquier, F., Trottein, F., Maurage, C.-A., Mattot, V., Giacobini, P., Rasika, S., & Prevot, V. (2020). The hypothalamus as a hub for SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and pathogenesis [Preprint]. Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.139329

Nóbrega, M. E. B. da, Araújo, E. L. de L., Wada, M. Y., Leite, P. L. e, Dimech, G. S., & Pércio, J. (2018). Surto de síndrome de Guillain-Barré possivelmente relacionado à infecção prévia pelo vírus Zika, Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, 2015. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742018000200016

Petersen, L. R., Jamieson, D. J., Powers, A. M., & Honein, M. A. (2016). Zika virus. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(16), 1552–1563. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1602113

Salle, V. (2021). Coronavirus-induced autoimmunity. Clinical Immunology, 226, 108694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2021.108694

Sancho-Saldaña, A., Lambea-Gil, Á., Liesa, J. L. C., Caballo, M. R. B., Garay, M. H., Celada, D. R., & Serrano-Ponz, M. (2020). Guillain–Barré syndrome associated with leptomeningeal enhancement following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical Medicine, 20(4), e93–e94. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0213

Singh, R., Shiza, S. T., Saadat, R., Dawe, M., & Rehman, U. (2021). Association of guillain-barre syndrome with covid-19: A case report and literature review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.13828

Sriwastava, S., Kataria, S., Tandon, M., Patel, J., Patel, R., Jowkar, A., Daimee, M., Bernitsas, E., Jaiswal, P., & Lisak, R. P. (2021). Guillain Barré Syndrome and its variants as a manifestation of COVID-19: A systematic review of case reports and case series. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 420, 117263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.117263

Wakerley, B. R., Uncini, A., Yuki, N., GBS Classification Group, & GBS Classification Group. (2014). Guillain-Barré and Miller Fisher syndromes—New diagnostic classification. Nature Reviews. Neurology, 10(9), 537–544. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2014.138

Willison, H. J., Jacobs, B. C., & van Doorn, P. A. (2016). Guillain-Barré syndrome. The Lancet, 388(10045), 717–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00339-1

Yachou, Y., El Idrissi, A., Belapasov, V., & Ait Benali, S. (2020). Neuroinvasion, neurotropic, and neuroinflammatory events of SARS-CoV-2: Understanding the neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. Neurological Sciences, 41(10), 2657–2669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04575-3

Downloads

Published

24/11/2021

How to Cite

AMARAL, M. E. de A. .; ÁVILA, L. R. .; AMARAL, B. M. de F. .; NASSER, A. K. S. .; SILVA , J. P. M. e .; TAVEIRA, J. H. A. . Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19: a systematic review. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 15, p. e198101522585, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22585. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/22585. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 15

Section

Review Article

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Maria Eduarda de Azeredo Amaral; Lucilla Ribeiro Ávila; Bernardo Merrighi de Figueiredo Amaral; Arthur Kalil Santana Nasser; João Pedro Martins e Silva ; José Hítallo Anchieta Taveira

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.