Aspects of vaginal microbiota and the relationship with candidiasis in pregnant women: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24704Keywords:
Microbiota; Candidiasis; Pregnancy; Diagnosis.Abstract
The vaginal microbiota has an important role in the balance, maintenance and prevention of vaginal health in women, having a vast amount of microorganisms. Candida spp. it is one of the fungal species that most causes infections in humans. During pregnancy, when hormone levels are high and there is a variation in the vaginal pH, these microorganisms can colonize the vagina and consequently lead to an infection. This study aims to evaluate aspects of the vaginal microbiota and its correlation with vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy, and its forms of diagnosis. The present study is characterized by being an integrative literature review, where the scientific platforms PubMed, Academic Google, Medline and Scielo Articles were used as data sources. The data generated in the research demonstrated the importance of understanding the vaginal microbiota. In addition to highlighting the importance of studies on vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnant women, and how other Candida sp. are affecting and increasing the rates of patients with vaginal discharge, in addition to Candida albicans, which is the most studied species of this genus. Also note the relevance of the diagnosis of this disease. Thus, we conclude that knowledge of the clinical aspects of symptoms, especially during pregnancy, is an important tool for early diagnosis during the prenatal period. Vertical transmission is present in newborn infections. The most evident species of this genus is C. albicans, however, non-albicans Candida species are increasingly present in infections caused by the genus Candida spp.
References
Almeida, S. M. A., Bezerra, A. N., Mendonça, P. S. Efeito da suplementação de Lactobacillus spp. no tratamento e prevenção de candidíase vulvovaginal e vaginose bacteriana. Rev. Saúde Públ. Santa Cat., Florianópolis, v. 10, n. 3, p. 44-60, set./dez. 2017.
Bernardo, K. M. R., Lima, A. P. W., (2015). Ocorrência de candidíase no exame citológico de pacientes do Hospital Geral de Curitiba. Revista Saúde e Desenvolvimento, 8 (4)
Dias, L. B., Melhem, M. S. C., Szeszs, M. W., Filho, J. M., Hahn, R. C. Vulvovaginal candidiasis in Mato Grosso, Brazil: Pregnancy status, causative species and drugs tests. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology (2011) 42: 1300-1307
Duarte, S. M. S., Faria, F. V., Martins, M. O., Métodos diagnósticos para a caracterização de candidíase e papilomavírus humano. Brazilian Journal of Development, 5 (10): 18083-18091
Freitas, L. F. Q., Maia, L. R. S., de Deus, M. R. A. R., Oliveira, S. R., Peres, A. L. Prevalência de microrganismos em secreção vaginal de gestantes de alto risco de uma maternidade em Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil. J Bras Patol Med Lab., 56: 1-6
Ghaddar, N., Anastasiadis, E., Halimeh, R., Ghaddar, A., Dhar, R., AlFouzan, W., Yusef, H., Chaar, M. E. Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans causing vaginal discharge among pregnant women in Lebanon. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020
Gonçalves, B., Ferreira, C., Alves, C. T., Henriques, M., Azeredo, J., Silva, S. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2016; 42(6): 905–927
Lima, N. A., Cohen, J. V. F. B. Candidíase vulvovaginal recorrente em gestantes. Saber Científico, Porto Velho, V., n., p. –, mês./mês. 2017
Menezes, E. A., Júnior, A. A. V., Cunha, F. A., Cunha, M. C. S. O., Braz, B. H. L., Capelo, L. G., Silva, C. L. F. Identificação molecular e suscetibilidade antifúngica de Candida parapsilosis isoladas no Ceará, Brasil. J Bras Patol Med Lab • v. 48 • n. 6 • p. 415-420 • dezembro 2012
Mucci, M. J., Cuestas, M. L., Landanburu, M. F., Mujica, M. T. Prevalence of Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis and Candida africana in pregnant women suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis.in Argentina. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2017;34(2):72–76
Oliveira, J. A. G., Carneiro, C. M. Fatores associados a alterações da microbiota no trato genital feminino inferior. Pensar Acadêmico, Manhaçu, 18 (2): 289-299
Peixoto, J. V., Rocha, M. G., Nascimento, R. T. L., Moreira, V. V., Kashiwabara, T. G. B. Candidíase – uma revisão de literatura. Brazilian Journal of Surgery and Clinical Research – BJSC, Vol.8,n.2,pp.75-82, Jun-Ago 2014
Rodrigues, M. T., Gonçalves, A. C., Alvim, M. C. T., Filho, D. S. C., Zimmermmann, J. B., Silva, V. L., Diniz, C. G. Associação entre cultura de secreção vaginal, características sociodemográficas e manifestações clínicas de pacientes com diagnóstico de candidíase vulvovaginal. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2013; 35(12):554-61
Sangaré, I., Sirima, C., Bamba, S., Zida, A., Cissé, M., Bazié, W. W., Sanou, S., Dao, B., Menan, H., Guiguemdé, R. T. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy at three health centers in Burkina Faso. Journal De Mycologie Médicale, 2017
Soares, D. M., Lima, E. O., Soares, D. M. M., Silva, N. F., Costa, N. G. M., Faria, F. S. E. D. V., Rodriguez, A. F. R. Candidíase vulvovaginal: uma revisão de literatura com abordagem para Candida albicans. Braz. J. Surg. Clin. Res. V.25,n1,pp.28-34 (Dez 2018 - Fev 2019)
Souza, G. N., Vieira, T. C. S. B., Campos, A. A. S., Leite, A. P. L., Souza, E. Tratamento das vulvovaginites na gravidez. FEMINA | Maio/Junho 2012 | vol 40 | nº 3
Tansarli, G. S., Skalidis, T., Legakis, N. J., Falagas, M. E. Abnormal vaginal flora in symptomatic non-pregnant and pregnant women in a Greek hospital: a prospective study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 13 October 2016
Tapia, C. V., Hermosilla, G., Fortes, P., Albuquenque C., Bucarey, S., Salinas, H., Rodas, P. I., Díaz, M. C., Magne, F. Genotyping and Persistence of Candida albicans from Pregnant Women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Mycopathologia, 23 November 2016
Vasconcelos, C. N. E., Silva, N. N. P., Batista, P. N., Kalil, J. H. Estudo comparativo entre terapia oral e local no tratamento de corrimentos vaginais: candidíase, tricomoníase e vaginose bacteriana. Brazilian Journal of Surgery and Clinical Research – BJSCR, Vol.15,n.1,pp.123-128 (Jun - Ago 2016)
Viera, A. J. H., Santos, J. I. Mecanismos de resistência de Candida albicans aos antifúngicos anfotericina B, fluconazol e caspofungina. RBAC. 2017;49(3):235-9
Whibley, N., Gaffen, S. L. Beyond Candida albicans: Mechanisms of immunity to non-albicans Candida species. Cytokine, 2015
Zimmermmann, J. B., Santos, K. K., Alves, L. C., Vilano, L. S., Borges, N. A., Soares, J. P., Marangoni, M. C., Silveira, L. H. A., Nascimento, R. P. M. Frequência e etiologia de fluxos genitais na gravidez. Rev Fac Ciênc Méd Sorocaba. 2019;21(2):65-8.
Zisova, L. G., Chokoeva, A. A., Amaliev, G., Ptleshkova, P. V., Liteva-Katrandzhieva, T. M., Krasteva, M. B., Uchikova, E. H., Kouz-manov, A. H., Ivanova, Z. V. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Pregnant Women and its Importance for Candida Colonization of Newborns. Folia Medica, 2016, Vol. 58, No. 2, Article 5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Roberto de Faria Espinheiro; Maria Clara Coelho Monteiro; Rafael Hipolito Pires Batista; Manoela Paulo de Oliveira Miléo Gomes; Rebeca Elise de Lima Pantoja; Sofia Alessandra Naiff Araújo; Paulo Afonso Oliveira Gomes; Max Chaves Monta Junior; Milena Souza Amaral; Adonis de Melo Lima; Luiz Mário Pará Rodrigues; Clebson Pantoja Pimentel; Silvan Francisco da Silva; Darlen Cardoso de Carvalho; Maurício Ferreira Gomes
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.