Pemphigus foliaceus in a dog – Clinical, cytopathological and histopathological relation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25683Keywords:
Autoimmune dermatosis; Cytology; Histopathology; Acantholysis.Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune dermatosis characterized by vesicobullous, pustular and crusted skin lesions resulting from acantholysis process. Diagnosis is based on animal history, physical evaluation, cytopathological analysis and confirmed by histopathology. The present study aimed to describe the clinical presentation, and cytological and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus in a 9-year-old male German Shepherd dog, presented at Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of the Federal University of Pelotas. Dermatological examination revealed generalized alopecia and seborrhea, crusts on dorsum, presence of deep pyoderma, hyperkeratosis, nodular and plaque lesions in the ventral cervical and left lateral thoracic regions. There were crusted and alopecic lesions around nasal planum. Crust and vesicobullous lesions were also observed in the ears bilaterally, both internal and externally, seropurulent exudate in the left ear and purulent in the right ear. Cytological evaluation showed the presence of acantholytic keratinocytes and the diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus can be confirmed by histopathology. This report shows the importance of the cytopathological evaluation in the diagnostic screening of pemphigus foliaceus, since clinical assessment in association with cytology provided key points for diagnosis, with further confirmation by histopathology, which is the gold standard exam.
References
Amagai, M., Tanikawa, A., Shimizu, T., Hashimoto, T., Ikeda, S., Kurosawa, M., Niizeki, H., Aoyama, Y., Iwatsuki, K. & Kitajima, Y. (2014). Japanese guidelines for the management of pemphigus. The Journal of Dermatology, 41(6), 471-486.
Barbosa, M. V. F., Fukahori, F. L. P., Dias, M. B. M. C. & Lima, E. R. (2012). Patofisiologia do pênfigo foliáceo em cães: revisão de literatura. Revista do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da UFRPE, 6(3), 26-31.
Bizikova, P. & Olivry, T. (2015). Oral glucocorticoid pulse therapy for induction of treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus – a comparative study. Veterinary Dermatology, 26(5), 354-e77.
Bizikova, P., Linder, K. E. & Olivry, T. (2014). Fipronil–amitraz–S-methoprene-triggered pemphigus foliaceus in 21 dogs: clinical, histological and immunological characteristics. Veterinary Dermatology, 25(2), 103-e30.
Cavaguchi, D. K., Pincelli, V. A., Bochio, M. M., Ribeiro, R. C. L., Bracarence, A. P. F. R. L. & Pereira, P. M. P. (2010). Aspectos clínico-patológicos e epidemiológicos da endocardite bacteriana em cães: 28 casos (2003-2008). Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 31(1), 183-190.
Goodale, E. C., Varjonen, K. E., Outerbridge, C. A., Bizikova, P., Borjesson, D., Murrell, D. F., Bisconte, A., Francesco, M., Hill, R. J., Masjedizadeh, M., Nunn, P., Gourlay, S. G. & White, S. D. (2020). Efficacy of a Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (PRN-473) in the treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus. Veterinary Dermatology, 31(4), 1-9.
Jessen, L. R., Damborg, P. P., Sphor, A., Sørensen, T. M., Langhron, R., Goericke-Pesch, S. K., Houser, G., Willesen, J., Schjærff, M., Eriksen, T., Jensen, V.F. & Guardabassi, L. (2019). Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice (2nd ed.). The Danish Small Animal Veterinary Association.
Kuhul, K. S., Shofer, S. F. & Goldschmidt, M. H. (1994). Comparative Histopathology of Pemphigus Foliaceus and Superficial Folliculitis in the Dog. Veterinary Pathology, 31(1), 19-27.
Larsson, C. E. Complexo pênfigo. In: Larsson, C. E. & Lucas, R. (2016). Tratado de medicina externa: dermatologia veterinária. São Caetano do Sul: Interbook, p. 717-744.
Lemmens, P., Bruin, A., Meulemeester, J., Wyder, M. & Suter, M. (1998). Case report Paraneoplasic pemphigus in a dog. Veterinary Dermatology, 19, 127-134.
Mendelsohn, C., Rosenkrantz, W. & Griffin, C. E. (2006). Practical cytology for inflammatory skin diseases. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, 21(3), 117-127.
Monteiro, V. P., Oliveira, A. T. C. & Ferreira, T. C. (2020). Pemphigus foliaceous in a dog – clinical and laboratory assessment. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 48(1).
Muller, R. F., Krebs, I., Power, H. & Fieseler, K. V. (2006). Pemphigus foliaceus in 91 dogs. Journal f the American Animal Hospital Association 42(3), 189-196.
Nelson, R. W. & Couto, C. G. (2020). Small animal internal medicine. 6 ed. St. Louis: Elsevier.
Nishifuji, K., Tamura, K., Konno, H., Olivry, T., Amagai, M. & Iwasaki, T. (2009). Development of na enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of circulating IgG autoantibodies against canin desmoglein 3 in dogs with pemphigus. Veterinary Dermatology, 20(5), 331-337.
Olivry, T. A. (2006). review of autoimmune skin diseases in domestic animals: I – Superficial pemphigus. Veterinary Dermatology, 17(5), 291-306.
Olivry, T., Bergavall, K. E. & Atlee, B. A. (2004). Prolonged remission after immunosuppressive therapy in six dogs with pemphigus foliaceus. Veterinary Dermatology, 15(4), 245-252.
Rosenkrantz, W. S. (2004). Pemphigus: current therapy. Veterinary Dermatology. 15 (2), 90-98.
Scott, D. W., Miller JR, W. H. & Griffin, C. E. (2001). Muller & Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology. (6a ed.), Saunders
Severo, J. S., Santana, A. E., Aoki, V., Michalany, N. S., Mantovani, M. M., Larsson Junior, C. E. & Larsson, C. E. (2017). Evaluation of C-reactive protein as an inflammatory marker of pemphigus foliaceus and superficial pyoderma in dogs. Veterinary Dermatology, 29(2), 1-8.
Trhall D. E. (2014). Diagnóstico de radiologia veterinária. (6a ed.), Saunders Elsevier.
Trhall, M. A. Anemia regenerativa. In: Trhall, M. A., Weiser, G., Allison, R. W. & Campbell, T. W. (2015). Hematologia e bioquímica clínica veterinária. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, p. 191-248.
Vaughan, D. F., Hodgin, E. C., Hosgood, G. L. & Bernstein, J. A. (2009). Clinical and histopathological features of pemphigus foliaceus with and without eosinophilic infiltrates: a retrospective evaluation of 40 dogs. Veterinary Dermatology, 21(2), 166-174.
Zhou, Z., Cornet, S., Petersen, A., Rosser, E. & Noland, E. L. (2021). Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in dogs with pemphigus foliaceus with and without vasculopathic lesions: an evaluation of 41 cases. Veterinary Dermatology, 32(5), 1-8.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Péter de Lima Wachholz; Eduarda Santos Bierhals; Guilherme Ferreira Robaldo; Rosimeri Zamboni; Josiane Bonel; Raqueli Teresinha França; Mariana Cristina Hoeppner Rondelli
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
