Do you know the biological nomenclature? Learn the correct way to write the names of organisms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26378Keywords:
Biology; Codes; Scientific names; Universality.Abstract
Currently, the nomenclature of living beings is governed by international codes that are built collectively, involving the scientific community. These constructions serve to organize the nomenclature of the past and to stabilize the names of the species, with each code being independent and autonomous. Proper use, knowledge and consultation of codes make the use of nomenclatures more uniform, thus avoiding ambiguities and its uses, since proper use makes the work more uniform and unambiguous. The methodology for composing all the information referring to the spelling of the names of the organisms was made by direct consultation: International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants; International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants; International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature; International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Code of Prokaryote Nomenclature; International Code of Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses; International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature. The absence or superficiality of nomenclatural discussions of living (or extinct) organisms in undergraduate courses at Brazilian universities (there are few exceptions) contributes to the ignorance of the existence of nomenclature codes. Examples and elucidations were presented on the correct use of nomenclatures, as well as the description of a new status (unclassified), new subdivision, and new class for plants.
References
Aristotelis. (1562). Aristotelis opera cum Averrois commentariis. Venetiis apud Junctas. 1562. https://archive.org/details/aristotelisoper21arisgoog/page/n195/mode/2up.
Araújo, C. B., Bicudo, C. E. M., Takiyama, L. R., & Melo, S. (2021). Pseudofilamentous desmids (Zygnematophyceae) from an Amazonian floodplain lake (Macapá, AP, Brazil). Porto Alegre, Iheringia, Série Botânica, 75. https://isb.emnuvens.com.br/iheringia/article/view/764/498
Borhidi, A., Muñiz, O., & Del-Risco, E. (1979). Clasificación fitocenológica de la vegetación de Cuba. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 25: 263-301. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/162156
Brands, S. J. (ed.), 2022. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. [http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/].
Brickell, C. D., Alexander, C., Cubey, J. J., David, J. C., Hoffman, M. H. A., Leslie, A. C., Malécot, V., & Jin, X. (2016). International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. Scripta Horticulturae (9th ed.). International Society of Horticultural Science. 18.
Brinton, M. A., Gulyaeva, A., Balasuriya, U. B. R., Dunowska, M., Faaberg, K. S., Goldberg, T., Leung, F. C.-C., Nauwynck, H. J., Snijder, E. J., Stadejek, T., & Gorbalenya, A. E. (2017). Expansion of the rank structure of the family Arteriviridae and renaming its taxa. Form. 2017.012S. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=202006105.
Brummitt, R. K., & Powell, C. E. (1992). Authors of plant names. A list of authors of scientific names of plants, with recommended standard form of their names including abbreviations. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 1992. (4)732.
Cano, E., Veloz, A. R., Cano-Ortiz, A., & Esteban. F. J. R. (2009) Analysis of the Pterocarpus officinalis forests in the Gran Estero (Dominican Republic). Acta Botanica Gallica, 156(4). 559-570. https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tabg20/156/4.
Cantuária, P. C., Silva, J. B. F., Farias, J. E., Silva, D. A. S., & Medeiros, T. D. S. (2020). Uma nova espécie de Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae Juss.) para a Amazônia Brasileira. Biota Amazônia, 10, 36-38.
Cantuária, P. C., Krahl, D. R. P., Krahl, A. H., Chiron, G., & Silva, J. B. F. (2021). Catasetum × sheyllae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new natural hybrid from Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa, 527(4), 257–265. https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.527.4.3.
Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). The origin and early evolution of the eukaryotic cell. In: Carlile, M. J., Collins, J. F., & Moseley, B. E. B. (eds.). Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Microbial Evolution. 32 nd. Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology. Cambridge University Press. 33-84. https://socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/pubs/symposia.cfm.
Cavalier-Smith, T. (1987). The origin of eukaryote and archaebacterial cells. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 503, 17–54. https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb40596.x.
Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). Percolozoa and the symbiotic origin of the metakaryote cell. In: Ishikawa, H., Ishida, M., Sato, S. (orgs.) Endocytobiology. Tübingen University Press. 399–406.
Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998). A revised six-kingdom system of life. London, Biological Reviews, 73, p. 203-266. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9809012/
Cavalier-Smith, T. (2002). The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. London, 52, 297–354. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-52-2-297
Chatton, É. Pansporella perplexa, Amoebien a spores protegees parasite des Daphnies. Reflexions sur la biologie et la phylogenie des Protozoaires. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie. Paris, ser. 10e serie, t. VII. 1925. p.1-84. https://eurekamag.com/research/023/326/023326569.php.
Cronquist, A., Takhtajan, A., & Zimmermann, W. (1966). On the Higher Taxa of Embryobionta. Taxon. Utrecht, 15(4). https://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_1969/embryobionta.pdf.
Don, G. (1839). SubTribe II. Dendrobieae. In: Sweet, R. Sweet's Hortus Britannicus: Or, A Catalogue of All the Plants Indigenous Or Cultivated in the Gardens of Great Britain, Arranged According to the Natural System, with the Generic and Specific Names, English Names, Accentuation, Derivation of Generic Names, Native Country, year of introduction, Time of Flowering, Colour of Flowers, Mode of Growth, Duraction, References to the Best Figures, The Most Usefull Synomymes, The the Linnean Class and Order to which Each Genus Belongs, & c. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=xP4CAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PP1&hl+=pt
Franck, M. H., & Chitwood, D. H. (2016). Plant chimeras: The good, the bad, and the‘Bizzaria’. Developmental Biology, Rockville, 419, 41-53. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160616300902?via%3Dihub#f0010.
Gorbalenya, A. E., Krupovic, M., Siddell, S., Varsani, A., & Kuhn, J. H. (2017). Riboviria: establishing a single taxon that comprises RNA viruses at the basal rank of virus taxonomy. Form 2017.006G. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=202007095.
Groot, R. J., Ziebuhr, J., Poon, L. L., Woo, P. C., Talbot, P. R., Rottier, P. J. M., Holmes, K. V., Baric, R., Perlman, S., Enjuanes, L., & Gorbalenya, A. E. (2008). Revision of the family Coronaviridae. Form 2008.085-126V. https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/2008.085-122V.v4.Coronaviridae.pdf.
Guiry, M. D., & Guiry, G. M. (2022). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org/.
Haeckel, E. (1866). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Berlin, G. Reimer. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3953.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (1999). International code of zoological nomenclature, 4th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. Editorial Committee. W.D.L. Ride, - Chairman, H.G. Cogger, C. Dupuis, O. Kraus, A. Minelli, F. C. Thompson, P.K. Tubbs. https://code.iczn.org/summary/?frame=1.
IPNI (2022). International Plant Names Index. Published on the Internet. http://www.ipni.org, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens.
Index Fungorum. (2022). http://www.indexfungorum.org/
James, W. (1895). Is Life Worth Living? International Journal of Ethics. Chicago, 6(1). https://www.jstor.org/journal/intejethi.
Jeffrey, C. (1967). The origin and differentiation of the Archegoniate land plants: A second contribution". Kew Bulletin. London, 21(2), 335 349. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4108533
Jussieu, A. L. (1753). Genera Plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV. 1789. Pl.: 64. 4 Aug. (Orchideae), nom. cons. Validated by a description in Latin. – T: Orchis L. (1753). https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7125#page/159/mode/1up.
Kenrick, P., & Crane, P. R. (1997). The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. 441 p.
Koonin, E. V., Dolja, V. V., Krupovic, M., Varsani, A., Wolf, Y. I., Yutin, N., Zerbini, M., & Kuhn, J. H. (2019). Create a megataxonomic framework, filling all principal taxonomic ranks, for realm Riboviria. Form 2019.006G. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=202007198.
King, A. M. Q., Lefkowitz, E. J., Mushegian, A. R., Adams, M. J., Dutilh, B. E., Gorbalenya, A. E., Harrach, B., Harrison, L. R., Junglen, S., Knowles, N. J., Kropinski, A. M., Krupovic, M., Kuhn, J. H., Nibert, M. L., Rubino, L., Sabanadzovic, S., Sanfaçon, H., Siddell, S. G., Simmonds, P., Varsani, A., Zerbini, F. M., Murilo, F., & Davison, A. J. (2018). Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology. Switzerland, 163, p. 2601–2631. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00705-018-3847-1#citeas.
Kornet, D. J. On specific and infraspecific delimitation. (1990). In: Baas, P., Kalkman, K., Geesink, R. (eds). The Plant Diversity of Malesia. Springer, Dordrecht. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-2107-8_30.
Kosteletzky, V. F. (1831). Allgemeine medizinisch-pharmazeutische Flora: enthaltend die systematische Aufzählung und Beschreibung sämmtlicher bis jetzt bekannt gewordenen Gewächse aller Welttheile in ihrer Beziehung auf Diätetik, Therapie und Pharmazie, nach den natürlichen Familien des Gewächsreiches geordnet. Pl. 233, v. 4. https://books.google.com.br/books/about/Allgemeine_medizinisch_pharmazeutische_F.html?id=E4kfAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y.
Lankester, E. R. Preface. (1878). In Gegenbaur, C. Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie. London: Macmillan, (2a ed.), https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/11305094.
Lefkowitz, E. J., Dempsey, D. M., Hendrickson, R. C., Orton, R. J., Siddell, S. G., & Smith, D. B. (2018). Virus taxonomy: the database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). England: Oxford University Press, Nucleic acids research, v. 46. https://talk.ictvonline.org/.
Lemery, N. (1675). Cours de Chymie contenant la maniere de faire les operations qui sont en usage dans la medecine, par une methode facile avec des raisonnements chaque operation, pour l’instruction de ceux qui veulent s’appliquer a cette science. Paris. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k739985/f3.item#.
Lindley, J. (1821-1826). Collectanea botanica, or, Figures and botanical illustrations of rare and curious exotic plants. 8(7). https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/27998#page/101/mode/1up.
von LINK, J. H. F. (1829). Handbuch zur Erkennung der Nutzbarsten und am Haufigsten Vorkommenden Gewächse. Berlin. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53334725#page/282/mode/1up.
Linnaei, C. (1735). Sveci, Doctoris Medicinae systema naturae, sive, Regna tria naturae systematice proposita per classes, ordines, genera, & species. Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden, the Netherlands]:Apud Theodorum Haak :Ex Typographia Joannis Wilhelmi de Groot. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/877.
Linnaei, C. (1753). Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum diferentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Cum privilegio S. R. Mais Sueciae & S. R. Polonicae ae Electoris Saxon. Holmiae, Impemsis Lauremtii Salvii. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/37656.
Linnaei, C. (1753). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characterabus differentiis, synomymis, locis. 10ª. Cum privilegio S. R. Mais Sueciae. Holmiae, Impemsis Lauremtii Salvii. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Sistema_Naturae_%281758%29.pdf.
Lucretius, T. C. T. (1495). Lucretii Cari De rerum natura libri primus. https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Bibl iotheca_Spenceriana_Or_a_Descriptive/k0AqtiBo71gC?hl=ptBR&gbpv=1&dq=Lucretius+De+rerum+natura+liber+primus+1495&pg=PA155&printsec=frontcover.
Maxwell, S. J., Dekkers, A. M., Rymer, T. L., & Congdon, B. C. (2020). Towards Resolving the American and West African Strombidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neostromboidae) Using Integrated Taxonomy. The Festivus, San Diego, 52(1), 3-38. https://www.thesandiegoshellclub.com/uploads/1/3/8/1/138179831/festivus_53_3__august_2021-pages_192_maxwell.pdf.
Maxwell, S. J. (2021). Registration of Neostromboidae Clades in the RegNum of the PhyloCode, and Errata. The Festivus, San Diego, 53(3), 192-209. https://www.thesandiegoshellclub.com/uploads/1/3/8/1/138179831/festivus_52_1__february_2020-pages-4-39.pdf.
Meneguzzo, T. E. C. (2020). Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Zygopetalinae infraspecies (Orchidaceae). Heringeriana, Brasília, 14(2), 157–191. http://revistas.jardimbotanico.ibict.br/index.php/heringeriana/article/view/917939.
Meneguzzo, T. E. C., Baumgratz, J. F. A., & Van Den Berg, C. (2015). Taxonomic studies in the Aganisia complex (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae). Phytotaxa: a rapid international journal for accelerating the publication of botanical taxonomy, 238, 1-39. https://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2015/f/p00238p039f.pdf.
Oliveira, P. M. P., Sotão, H. M. P., Freire, G. S. F., & Monteiro, J. S. (2021). Two new species of rust fungi (Pucciniales) from the Brazilian Amazon: Aecidium margaritariae on Margaritaria and Uromyces amapaensis on Jatropha. Acta Amazonica, 51(3), 244 – 249. https://www.scielo.br/j/aa/a/bGG5qZWzxv3rCg7YjGTzNks/?format=pdf&lang=en.
Papavero, N. (1994). Fundamentos práticos de taxonomia zoológica: Coleções, bibliografia, nomenclatura. (2a ed.), Editora da UNESP & FAPESP, 185p.
Parker, C. T., Tindall, B. J., & Garrity, G. M. (2019). International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Englad, n. 69. https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.000778.
Pirani, J. R., & Prado, J. P. (2018). Embryopsida, a new name for the class of land plants. Bratislava, Taxon, 61(5). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tax.615014.
Plinii Secvndi, C. (1524). Naturalis Historiae, novicium Camenis Quiritium tuorum opus, natos apud me proxima fetura licentiore epistula narrare constitui tibi, iucundissime Imperator, sit enim haec tui praefatio, verissima, dum maximi consenescit in patre. namque tu solebas nugas esse aliquid meas putare, ut obiter emolliam Catullum conterraneum meum (agnoscis et hoc castrense verbum): ille enim, ut scis, permutatis prioribus syllabis duriusculum se fecit quam volebat existimari a Veraniolis suis et Fabullis. https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Gaius_Plinius_Secundus_Naturalis_historiae_Opus_a?id=YUxXAAAAcAAJ.
Pringle, C. R. (1996). Virus Taxonomy 1996. A Bulletin from the Xth International Congress of Virology in Jerusalem. London, Archives of Virology, 141, 2251–2256. Virology Division News. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01718231.
Ruschi, A. (1975). Coryanthes speciosa var. Espiritosantensis, Ruschi, n. var. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão. Série Botânica, Santa Tereza, 81(1), 1-4. http://boletim.sambio.org.br/pdf/01_02.pdf.
Santos, M. I., Pontes, A. N., & Martins Junior, A. S. (2021). Percepção de docentes de biologia sobre a presença da "cegueira botânica" em escolas públicas do Estado do Pará. Research, Society and Development, 10(13), e216101321106. 10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21106. https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/21106.
van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (1955). Specific and infraspecific delimitation. Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta, Edinburgo, 5(1), 167–234. https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/532674.
Takhtajan, A. L. (1966, mas publicado em 04 fev. 1967). Sistema i Filogeniia Tsvetkovykh Rastenii (Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum), Soviet Sciences Press, Leningrad. Nauka, Moscow, 611, 1967. https://books.google.com.br/books?id=xljPEon9Qy0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=pt-BR&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Theurillat, J., Willner, W., Fernández-González, F., Bültmann, H., Čarni, A., Gigante, D., Mucina, L., & Weber, H. (2020). International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 4th edition. Applied Vegetation Science. 24(1). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/avsc.12491.
Thouars, L. M. A. D. P. (1822). Histoire particulière des plantes orchidées recueillies dans les trois îles australes de d'Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascar. L'auteur, Arthus Bertrand, Treuttleret Wurtz, Paris. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9881#page/3/mode/1up.
Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.H., Li, D. Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., Mcneill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J., & Smith, G. F. (eds.) [2018]. International Code of Nomenclatura for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glasshütten: Koeltz Botanical Books.
Walker, A. R., Lee, E., & Robinson, S. P. (2006). Two new grape cultivars, bud sports of Cabernet Sauvignon bearing pale-coloured berries, are the result of deletion of two regulatory genes of the berry colour locus. Plant Molecular Biology, 62, 623–635. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11103-006-9043-9.
Wiemann, J., de Queiroz, K., Rowe, T. B., Planavsky, N. J., Anderson, R. P. Gogarten, J. P., Turner, P. E., Gauthier, J. A. (2020). Biota Wagner, 2004: converted clade name. In: de Queiroz, K., Cantino, P. D., Gauthier, J. A. (eds.). Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 1324 pp. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9780429446276/phylonyms-kevin-de-queiroz-philip-cantino-jacques-gauthier?refId=3012f028-c044-4f0b-ad6c-3a4ee27c6492&context=ubx.
Wildy, N. P. L. (1971-1975). Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. 1st Report of the International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses. Birmingham. https://www.karger.com/Book/Home/218074.
Winston, J. E. (2000). Describing Species: Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists. Columbia University Press.
Word Flora on line. 2022. Published on the Internet. http://www.worldfloraonline.org/.
Zhang, M. Jing, L., Wu, Q., Zhu, K., Ke, F., Xu, J., Zhao, S., Wang, G., & Zhang, C. (2019). Metabolite profile comparison of a graft chimera ‘Hongrou Huyou’ (Citrus changshan-huyou + Citrus unshiu) and its two donor plants. BMC Plant Biology, 582(19). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6933880/.
Ziebuhr, J., Baric, R. S., Baker, S., DE Groot, R. J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A., Haagmans, B. L., Neuman, B. W., Perlman, S., Poon, L. L. M., Sola, I., & Gorbalenya, A. E. (2017). Reorganization of the family Coronaviridae into two families, Coronaviridae (including the current subfamily Coronavirinae and the new subfamily Letovirinae) and the new family Tobaniviridae (accommodating the current subfamily Torovirinae and three other subfamilies), revision of the genus rank structure and introduction of a new subgenus rank. Form 2017.013S. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=202006129.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Patrick de Castro Cantuária; Tonny David Santiago Medeiros; Maryele Ferreira Cantuária; Alana Carine Sobrinho Soares; Breno Marques da Silva e Silva; Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de Almeida; Amauri Herbert Krahl; Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos; Raullyan Borja Lima e Silva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
