Diversity of soil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the vicinity of the Botanical Park of the State of Ceará, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.28732Keywords:
Ecology; Biodiversity; Dissimilarity; Equitability.Abstract
Biodiversity monitoring studies in Brazil are scarce, especially those related to ant communities in the Northeast region. In view of this lack, two distinct areas of a fragment of urban vegetation, close to the Parque Estadual Botânico do Ceará, were evaluated to verify the hypothesis that the communities have distinctions of richness, diversity, dissimilarity and equitability of species. The first collection area was formed by a Mata de Tabuleiro and the second by herbaceous vegetation. A total of 50 collection points, per environment, were distributed along five transects. At each point, three collection methods were used (pitfall trapping, honey baits and sardine baits). A total of 37 species from 24 genera and seven subfamilies were identified. The richness of the environments was similar, despite a clear difference in the composition and heterogeneity of the communities. The heterogeneity of the herbaceous vegetation area was influenced by temperature. The indices of diversity and equitability of the communities revealed low biodiversity and uniformity in the distribution of the relative abundance of the species. Three species showed high relative abundance: Paratrechina longicornis (85.39%), Solenopsis saevissima (63.05%) and Pheidole biconstricta (18.95%). A low proportion of generalist (8.1%), rare (35.1%) and specialist species (Mata de Tabuleiro: 27% and Herbaceous: 29.7%) was observed, indicating the occurrence of a strong environmental imbalance in the regions.
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