Purification of niobium using liquid - liquid extraction

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31880

Keywords:

Extraction technology; Niobium; Tantalum; Purification.

Abstract

In the present work, we sought to approach the solvent extraction technology for the separation and purification of niobium and tantalum, promoting a reflection in order to expand the chosen theme. Even in the face of a variety of solvents that have been investigated for the extraction and separation of niobium and tantalum, it was possible to find in the literature that only four were used commercially in the production of niobium and tantalum from their raw materials. Solvents commercially used in the extraction were: methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK), tri-butyl phosphate (TBP), cyclohexanone (CHN) and 2-octanol (2-OCL). Another verified aspect is that the extraction, separation and purification by solvents of niobium and tantalum used in the industry always occur in the presence of fluoride ions. This study presents the selective removal of niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) by liquid-liquid extraction using an aqueous acid digestion solution composed of commercial grade niobic acid, hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. Solvent extraction assays were tested for three types of extractants, 2-Octanol, TBP and Cyanex 923. A delineated review of the variables of the methodology involved in the separation and purification of niobium and tantalum, as well as the techniques involved, were discussed.

References

Abrão, A. (1994). Química e tecnologia das terras-raras. Editora. CETEM/CNPq.

Agulyansky, A. (2004) The Chemistry of Tantalum and Niobium Fluoride Compounds, Elsevier, 1–11.

Benedetto, J. S., Ciminelli, V. S. T. & Neto, J. O. (1993). "Comparison of Extractant in the Separation of Samarium and Gadolinium." Minerals engineering, 6 597-605

Blackadder, D. A. & Nedderman, R. M., (2004), Manual de Operações Unitárias. Brasil, Editora Hemus.

Caletka, R., Hausbeck, R., & Krivan, V., (1989). Distribution of niobium and tantalum on DOWEX- 1 and polyurethane form in HF–H2SO4 and HF–HCl medium. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 131, 343–352.

Damodaran, A. D., Deshpande S. G., Majmudar, A. A. & Sastri, M. S. (1969) Extraction and Utilization of Pure Niobium and Tantalum from Indian Ores. Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Bombay, 36(5), 306-318.

Foust A.S., Wenzel, L.A., Clump, C.W., Maus, L., & Andersen, L. B. (1982). Princípios das Operações Unitárias, Editora Guanabara dois S.A..

Grill, R. (2007). Niobium for coins. TIC Tantalum - Niobium International Study Center - Bulletin, 129, 6-8.

Matsumoto, M., Mochiduki, K., Fukunishi, K., & Kondo, K. (2004) Extraction of organic acids using imidazolium-based ionic liquids and their toxicity to Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Separation and Purification Technology. 40, 97- 101.

Merritt, R. C. (1971). The extractive metallurgy of uranium. Colorado: Colorado School of Mines Research Institute.

Minczewsky, J., Chwastowsko, J., & Dybczywki, R. (1979), Separation and Preconcentration Methods in Inorganic Trace Analysis, Pure and Applied Chemistry. 51, 1195-1211

Morrison, G. H., & Freiser, H., (1957). Solvent Extraction in Analytical Chemistry.John Wiley and Sons, 1. 1963

Pratt, H. R. C., & Hanson, C. (1983) Handbook of solvent extraction editado por T.C. Lo, M.H.I. e Hanson. C, John Wiley and Sons. 437-597

Reissinger, K.H., & Schröter, J. (1978). Selection Criteria for Liquid-Liquid Extractors, Chem. Eng., 85, 109-118.

Roesch, S. M. A. (2005). Projetos de Estágio e de Pesquisa em Administração: Estágios, Tcc, Dissertações e Estudos de Caso. Ed. Atlas (3).

Russel, J. B., (1994), Química Geral, v.I e II., Pearson Makron Books, (2).

Sudderth, R. B. & Kordosky, G. A., (1986) - Some Practical Considerations in the Evaluation and Selection of Solvent Extraction Reagents. Chemical Reagents in the Mineral Processing Industry. Ed Malhotra and Riggs. S.M.E. 181-196.

Thakur, A., & Gangopadhyay, S. (2016). State-of-the-art in surface integrity in machining of nickel-based super alloys. International. Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 100, 25-54.

Vogel, A. I. (1992) Análise Química Quantitativa “(5a ed.), Guanabara Koogan, p.345.

Downloads

Published

16/07/2022

How to Cite

SILVEIRA, G. M. da; BEGNINI, M. L. .; SILVA, L. R. S. . Purification of niobium using liquid - liquid extraction. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 9, p. e48411931880, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31880. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/31880. Acesso em: 13 nov. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 9

Section

Engineerings

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Giuliano Marcos da Silveira; Mauro Luiz Begnini; Larielly Regina Santos Silva

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.