Physical exercises for elderly fallers: a review of randomized clinical trials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34576Keywords:
Aged; Exercise; Accidental falls.Abstract
Falls are a concern for society and government agencies as they are directly related to the health of the elderly population. Enabling and carrying out interventions with the elderly can minimize the problems of falls, pathologies associated with falls and delay functional decline. The aim of the study was to investigate which interventions and physical interventions were performed in elderly people with a history of falls. The literature search was carried out from 2008 to 2022 in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and Excerpta medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases. Articles that performed interventions with physical exercises aimed at reducing falls and improving health were included. A search strategy resulted in 237 articles these 10 were included for final analysis. Most of the articles included had positive results in reducing the risk of falls, especially those that prioritized balance and muscle strength components. Studies have stimulated the improvement of physical, functional, cognitive, learning and motor behavior, postural stability, modification of neurophysiological parameters and environmental changes, proposing health promotion and improvement of physical fitness. However, due to the importance of the topic, further studies on physical exercises performed by elderly fallers are suggested.
References
Abreu, H. C. de A., Reiners, A. A. O., Azevedo, R. C. de S., Silva, A. M. C. da, Abreu, D. R. de O. M., Oliveira, A. D. de, Abreu, H. C. de A., Reiners, A. A. O., Azevedo, R. C. de S., Silva, A. M. C. da, Abreu, D. R. de O. M., & Oliveira, A. D. de. (2015). Incidence and predicting factors of falls of older inpatients. Revista de Saúde Pública, 49. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005549
Ambrose, A. F., Paul, G., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2013). Risk factors for falls among older adults: A review of the literature. Maturitas, 75(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.009
American Geriatrics Society. (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria® for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15767
Ansai, J. H., Aurichio, T. R., Gonçalves, R., & Rebelatto, J. R. (2015). Effects of two physical exercise protocols on physical performance related to falls in the oldest old: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 16(4), 492–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12497
Arnold, C. M., Sran, M. M., & Harrison, E. L. (2008). Exercise for Fall Risk Reduction in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Physiotherapy Canada, 60(4), 358–372. https://doi.org/10.3138/physio.60.4.358
Brusse, G. P. de L. (2021). Como que as mudanças nas taxas de mortalidade e expectativa de vida afetam a projeção da população idosa no estado de São Paulo? Cadernos Saúde Coletiva, 29(spe), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462x202199010422
Burns, E., Stevens, J., & Lee, R. (2016). Fact Sheet The Prevention of Falls. Journal of Safety Research, 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2016.05.001
Campbell, A. J., Robertson, M. C., Gardner, M. M., Norton, R. N., Tilyard, M. W., & Buchner, D. M. (1997). Randomised controlled trial of a general practice programme of home based exercise to prevent falls in elderly women. BMJ, 315(7115), 1065–1069. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7115.1065
Carrasco, D.G. & Cantalapiedra, A. J. (2016). Efectividad de la imaginería o práctica mental en la recuperación funcional tras el ictus: revisión sistemática. Neurología, 31(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2013.02.003
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, March 30). WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System) Injury Center|CDC. Www.cdc.gov. http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars
Choi, M., & Hector, M. (2012). Effectiveness of Intervention Programs In Preventing Falls: A Systematic Review of Recent 10 Years and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 13(2), 188.e13–188.e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2011.04.022
Clemson, L., Munro, J., & Singh, M. F. (2014). Lifestyle-Integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) Program to Prevent Falls [Participant’s Manual]. Sydney University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv176kt7j
Clemson, L., Singh, M. F., Bundy, A., Cumming, R. G., Weissel, E., Munro, J., Manollaras, K., & Black, D. (2010). LiFE Pilot Study: A randomised trial of balance and strength training embedded in daily life activity to reduce falls in older adults. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 57(1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00848.x
Cunha, A., & Lourenço, R. (2014). Quedas em idosos: prevalência e fatores associados. Revista Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.12957/rhupe.2014.10128
Denkinger, M. D., Lukas, A., Nikolaus, T., & Hauer, K. (2015). Factors Associated with Fear of Falling and Associated Activity Restriction in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(1), 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.03.002
De Freitas, E. V. (2011). Tratado de geriatria e gerontologia. Rio de Janeiro, Editora: Guanabara Koogan.
Duarte, Y. A. de O. (2001). O processo de envelhecimento e a assistência ao idoso. In Manual de enfermagem. São Paulo: Instituto para o Desenvolvimento da Saúde-IDS. Recuperado de https://repositorio.usp.br/directbitstream/f85ecb19-a3e0-4c33-b95f-37558a488a34/DUARTE%2C%20Y%20A%20de%20O%20doc%20102.pdf
Elias, C. S. R., et al. (2012) Quando chega o fim? Uma revisão narrativa sobre terminalidade do período escolar para alunos deficientes mentais. SMAD: Revista Electrónica em Salud Mental, Alcohol y Drogas, (8) 1, 48-53.
El-Khoury, F., Cassou, B., Charles, M.-A., & Dargent-Molina, P. (2013). The effect of fall prevention exercise programmes on fall induced injuries in community dwelling older adults: British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(20), 1348–1348. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f6234
Fechine, B R. A. & Trompieri N. (2012). O processo de envelhecimento: as principais alterações que acontecem com o idoso com o passer dos anos. Inter Science Place, 1(20), 106–132. https://doi.org/10.6020/1679-9844/2007
Gardner, M. M. (2001). Practical implementation of an exercise-based falls prevention programme. Age and Ageing, 30(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/30.1.77
Gil, A. A. C. (2010). Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. São Paulo, Editora: Atlas.
Gouy, C. M. L., Porto, T. F., Penido, C., Gouy, C. M. L., Porto, T. F., & Penido, C. (2018). Avaliação de ensaios clínicos no Brasil: histórico e atualidades. Revista Bioética, 26(3), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422018263254
Hezel, N., Körbi, C., Wolf, M., Adams, M., Jansen, C.-P., Labudek, S., Wolf-Belala, N., Kramer-Gmeiner, F., Nerz, C., & Schwenk, M. (2021). The Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) program and its modifications: a narrative review. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 51(4), 416–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00770-2
Hopewell, S., Adedire, O., Copsey, B. J., Boniface, G. J., Sherrington, C., Clemson, L., Close, J. C., & Lamb, S. E. (2018). Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012221.pub2
Hu, M. ., & Woollacott, M. H. (1994). Multisensory Training of Standing Balance in Older Adults: I. Postural Stability and One-Leg Stance Balance. Journal of Gerontology, 49(2), M52–M61. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.2.m52
Jackson, P. L., Lafleur, M. F., Malouin, F., Richards, C., & Doyon, J. (2001). Potential role of mental practice using motor imagery in neurologic rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(8), 1133–1141. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.24286
Kim, J.-S., Oh, D.-W., Kim, S.-Y., & Choi, J.-D. (2010). Visual and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training integrated with auditory step rhythm for walking performance of patients with chronic stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation, 25(2), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215510380822
Leite, A. K., Lovadini, V. D. L., Santos, T. M. dos, Oliveira, B. R. S. M. de, & Ferreira, L. B. (2020). Capacidade funcional do idoso institucionalizado avaliado pelo KATZ: Functional capacity of the institutionalized elderly evaluated by the KATZ. Revista Enfermagem Atual in Derme, 91(29). https://doi.org/10.31011/reaid-2020-v.91-n.29-art.640
Liberali, R. (2011). Metodologia Científica Prática: um saber-fazer competente da saúde à educação. Postmix.
Liew, L. K., Tan, M. P., Tan, P. J., Mat, S., Majid, L. A., Hill, K. D., & Mazlan, M. (2019). The Modified Otago Exercises Prevent Grip Strength Deterioration Among Older Fallers in the Malaysian Falls Assessment and Intervention Trial (MyFAIT). Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 42(3), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000155
Liu-Ambrose, T., Davis, J. C., Best, J. R., Dian, L., Madden, K., Cook, W., Hsu, C. L., & Khan, K. M. (2019). Effect of a Home-Based Exercise Program on Subsequent Falls Among Community-Dwelling High-Risk Older Adults After a Fall. JAMA, 321(21), 2092. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.5795
Liu-Ambrose, T., Davis, J. C., Falck, R. S., Best, J. R., Dao, E., Vesely, K., Ghag, C., Rosano, C., Hsu, C. L., Dian, L., Cook, W., Madden, K. M., & Khan, K. M. (2020). Exercise, Processing Speed, and Subsequent Falls: A Secondary Analysis of a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 76(4), 675–682. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa239
Lord, S. R., Delbaere, K., & Sturnieks, D. L. (2018). Chapter 10 - Aging (B. L. Day & S. R. Lord, Eds.). Science Direct; Elsevier. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444639165000100#:~:text=Balance%20and%20gait%20control%20decline
Lurie, J. D., Zagaria, A. B., Ellis, L., Pidgeon, D., Gill-Body, K. M., Burke, C., Armbrust, K., Cass, S., Spratt, K. F., & McDonough, C. M. (2020). Surface Perturbation Training to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: A Highly Pragmatic, Randomized Controlled Trial. Physical Therapy, 100(7), 1153–1162. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa023
Robertson, M.C. & Campbell, A.J. (2003). Otago exercise programme to prevent falls in older adults. Acc Thinksafe. https://www.livestronger.org.nz/assets/Uploads/acc1162-otago-exercise-manual.pdf
Maciel, E. da S., Vilarta, R., Modeneze, D. M., Sonati, J. G., Vasconcelos, J. S., Vilela Junior, G. B., & Oetterer, M. (2013). The relationship between physical aspects of quality of life and extreme levels of regular physical activity in adults. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 29(11), 2251–2260. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00178512
Maia, B. C., Viana, P. S., Arantes, P. M. M., & Alencar, M. A. (2011). Consequências das quedas em idosos vivendo na comunidade. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria E Gerontologia, 14(2), 381–393. https://www.scielo.br/j/rbgg/a/B3cngz9rfSHfYD3f6ZH4Gdj/?lang=pt
Mansfield, A., Wong, J. S., Bryce, J., Knorr, S., & Patterson, K. K. (2015). Does Perturbation-Based Balance Training Prevent Falls? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trials. Physical Therapy, 95(5), 700–709. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140090
Mendes, K. D. S., Silveira, R. C. de C. P., & Galvão, C. M. (2008). Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 17(4), 758–764. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-07072008000400018
Menezes, R. L. de, & Bachion, M. M. (2008). Estudo da presença de fatores de riscos intrínsecos para quedas, em idosos institucionalizados. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 13(4), 1209–1218. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232008000400017
Mori, M. A. (2020). Aging: a New Perspective on an Old Issue. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020200437
Oh, D. S., & Choi, J. D. (2021). Effects of Motor Imagery Training on Balance and Gait in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 650. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020650
Patil, R., Uusi-Rasi, K., Tokola, K., Karinkanta, S., Kannus, P., & Sievänen, H. (2015). Effects of a Multimodal Exercise Program on Physical Function, Falls, and Injuries in Older Women: A 2-Year Community-Based, Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(7), 1306–1313. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13489
Phillip, J. M., Aifuwa, I., Walston, J., & Wirtz, D. (2015). The Mechanobiology of Aging. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 17(1), 113–141. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040829
Rosado, H., Bravo, J., Raimundo, A., Carvalho, J., Marmeleira, J., & Pereira, C. (2021). Effects of two 24-week multimodal exercise programs on reaction time, mobility, and dual-task performance in community-dwelling older adults at risk of falling: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 21(S2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10448-x
Santos, M. L. C. dos, & Andrade, M. C. de. (2005). Incidência de quedas relacionada aos fatores de riscos em idosos institucionalizados. Rev. Baiana Saúde Pública, 29(1), 57–68. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-416276
Sedaghati, P., Goudarzian, M., Ahmadabadi, S., & Tabatabai-Asl, S. M. (2022). The impact of a multicomponent-functional training with postural correction on functional balance in the elderly with a history of falling. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-022-00459-x
Sherrington, C., Michaleff, Z. A., Fairhall, N., Paul, S. S., Tiedemann, A., Whitney, J., Cumming, R. G., Herbert, R. D., Close, J. C. T., & Lord, S. R. (2016). Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(24), 1750–1758. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096547
Suttanon, P., Piriyaprasarth, P., Krootnark, K., & Aranyavalai, T. (2018). Effectiveness of falls prevention intervention programme in community-dwelling older people in Thailand: Randomized controlled trial. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 38(01), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1013702518500014
Szanton, S. L., Clemson, L., Liu, M., Gitlin, L. N., Hladek, M. D., LaFave, S. E., Roth, D. L., Marx, K. A., Felix, C., Okoye, S. M., Zhang, X., Bautista, S., & Granbom, M. (2020). Pilot Outcomes of a Multicomponent Fall Risk Program Integrated Into Daily Lives of Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 40(3), 320–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464820912664
Tan, P. J., Khoo, E. M., Chinna, K., Saedon, N. I., Zakaria, M. I., Ahmad Zahedi, A. Z., Ramli, N., Khalidin, N., Mazlan, M., Chee, K. H., Zainal Abidin, I., Nalathamby, N., Mat, S., Jaafar, M. H., Khor, H. M., Khannas, N. M., Majid, L. A., Tan, K. M., Chin, A.-V., & Kamaruzzaman, S. B. (2018). Individually-tailored multifactorial intervention to reduce falls in the Malaysian Falls Assessment and Intervention Trial (MyFAIT): A randomized controlled trial. PloS One, 13(8), e0199219. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199219
Thomas, S., Mackintosh, S., & Halbert, J. (2010). Does the “Otago exercise programme” reduce mortality and falls in older adults?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing, 39(6), 681–687. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afq102
Tomicki, C., Zanini, S. C. C., Cecchin, L., Benedetti, T. R. B., Portella, M. R., & Leguisamo, C. P. (2016). Effect of physical exercise program on the balance and risk of falls of institutionalized elderly persons: a randomized clinical trial. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria E Gerontologia, 19(3), 473–482. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-98232016019.150138
Zapparoli, L., Sacheli, L. M., Seghezzi, S., Preti, M., Stucovitz, E., Negrini, F., Pelosi, C., Ursino, N., Banfi, G., & Paulesu, E. (2020). Motor imagery training speeds up gait recovery and decreases the risk of falls in patients submitted to total knee arthroplasty. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65820-5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Priscilla Cardoso da Silva; Lúcia Faria Borges; Vanessa Dias Possamai; Andrea Kruger Gonçalves
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
