Stress and Anxiety among people with spiritist engagement: a cross-sectional analysis before and during COVID-19

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i7.42368

Keywords:

Spiritism; Stress; Anxiety; COVID-19.

Abstract

Prevalence of stress and anxiety in people with some Level of Spiritist Engagement (LSE) before and during the pandemic. A cross-sectional study with 848 people with LSE in Ceará/Brazil. Findings were significant on the severe stress and anxiety of young adults (15,0% and 15,9%, respectively), in marital crisis (17,1% and 15,9%), who were affected very/completely by social confinement (14,8% and 16,7%), who suffered violence (15,5% and 16,9%), who self-inflicted violence (29,4% and 35,3%), whose self-perception of the emotional health was bad/awful (35,7% and 33,9%), and that used 3 or more psychiatric drugs a day before (22,9% and 28,6%) and during the pandemic (31,6% for stress and anxiety). Severe stress and anxiety were more associated to low and very low LES before and during COVID-19. Spiritism reinforces itself as a religion of psychological quest and a higher LES seems to be connected to less severe anxiety and stress levels.  

References

Allport, G. W. (1950). The individual and his religion. MacMillan.

Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. J Pers Soc Psychol, 5(4), 432-443. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.5.4.432

Amaral, C. E. M., Treichel, C., Francisco, P., & Onocko-Campos, R. T. (2021). [Mental healthcare in Brazil: a multifaceted study in four large cities]. Cad Saude Publica, 37(3), e00043420. doi:10.1590/0102-311x00043420

Andretta, I., Limberger, J., Schneider, J. A., & Mello, L. T. N. d. (2018). Sintomas de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse em Usuários de Drogas em Tratamento em Comunidades Terapêuticas. Psico-USF, 23(2), 361-373. doi:10.1590/1413-82712018230214

Antony, M., Bieling, P., Cox, B., Enns, M., & Swinson, R. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10, 176-181. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176

Antunes, A., Frasquilho, D., Azeredo-Lopes, S., Neto, D., Silva, M., Cardoso, G., & Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M. (2018). Disability and common mental disorders: Results from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative Portugal. Eur Psychiatry, 49, 56-61. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.004

Aquino, T. A. A. (2009). Atitudes e intenções de cometer o suicídio: seus correlatos existenciais e normativos. (Doutorado). Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, João Pessoa.

Barros, F. C., Matijasevich, A., Santos, I. S., Horta, B. L., da Silva, B. G. C., Munhoz, T. N., . . . Rohde, L. A. (2018). Social inequalities in mental disorders and substance misuse in young adults. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(7), 717-726. doi:10.1007/s00127-018-1526-x

Bazley, R., Pakenham, K., & Watson, B. (2019). Perspectives on Suicide Prevention Amongst Members of Christian Faith-Based Organizations. Community Ment Health J, 55(5), 831-839. doi:10.1007/s10597-018-0355-4

Bazyar, J., Chehreh, R., Sadeghifar, J., Karamelahi, Z., Ahmadimazhin, S., Vafery, Y., & Daliri, S. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Function: A Systematic Review. Prehosp Disaster Med, 36(5), 593-598. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647606

Berg, S. (2004). Snowball sampling—I. Encyclopedia of statistical sciences, 12.

Bierstetel, S. J., & Slatcher, R. B. (2020). Couples' behavior during conflict in the lab and diurnal cortisol patterns in daily life. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 115, 104633. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104633

Both, L. M., Zoratto, G., Calegaro, V. C., Ramos-Lima, L. F., Negretto, B. L., Hauck, S., & Freitas, L. H. M. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing: economic, psychological, family, and technological effects. In Trends Psychiatry Psychother (Vol. 43, pp. 85-91).

Calina, D., Hartung, T., Mardare, I., Mitroi, M., Poulas, K., Tsatsakis, A., & Docea, A. O. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and alcohol consumption: Impacts and interconnections. In Toxicol Rep (Vol. 8, pp. 529-535): © 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Carneiro É, M., Barbosa, L. P., Marson, J. M., Terra, J. A. J., Martins, C. J., Modesto, D., & Borges, M. F. (2017). Effectiveness of Spiritist "passe" (Spiritual healing) for anxiety levels, depression, pain, muscle tension, well-being, and physiological parameters in cardiovascular inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med, 30, 73-78. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2016.11.008

Carneiro É, M., Tosta, A. M., Antonelli, I. B. S., Soares, V. M., Oliveira, L. F. A., Borges, R. M. C., & Borges, M. F. (2020). Effect of Spiritist "Passe" on Preoperative Anxiety of Surgical Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Double-Blind. J Relig Health, 59(4), 1728-1739. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00841-7

Carneiro, É. M., Oliveira, L. F. A., da Silva, D. A. A., da Silva Catarino, J., Timóteo, R. P., Desidério, C. S., & de Fátima Borges, M. (2022). Effects of complementary spiritual therapy on stress, anxiety, burnout syndrome and hematological parameters of professionals in a public hospital: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine.

Cavalcante, R. de Souza, Banin, V. B., de Moura Ribeiro Paula, N. A., Daher, S. R., Habermann, M. C., Habermann, F., & de Andrade, L. G. M. (2016). Effect of the Spiritist “passe” energy therapy in reducing anxiety in volunteers: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 27, 18-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2016.05.002

Cénat, J. M., Blais-Rochette, C., Kokou-Kpolou, C. K., Noorishad, P. G., Mukunzi, J. N., McIntee, S. E., & Labelle, P. R. (2021). Prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress among populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Psychiatry Res (Vol. 295, pp. 113599): © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Chu, I. Y., Alam, P., Larson, H. J., & Lin, L. (2020). Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response. In J Travel Med (Vol. 27). International Society of Travel Medicine 2020.

Costa, C. O. d., Branco, J. C., Vieira, I. S., Souza, L. D. d. M., & Silva, R. A. d. (2019). Prevalência de ansiedade e fatores associados em adultos. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 68, 92-100.

Craske, M. G., Stein, M. B., Eley, T. C., Milad, M. R., Holmes, A., Rapee, R. M., & Wittchen, H. U. (2017). Anxiety disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 3, 17024. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.24

Crepaldi, M. A., Schmidt, B., Noal, D. d. S., Bolze, S. D. A., & Gabarra, L. M. (2020). Terminalidade, morte e luto na pandemia de COVID-19: demandas psicológicas emergentes e implicações práticas. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37.

Dalgalarrondo, P. (2007). Estudos sobre religião e saúde mental realizados no Brasil: histórico e perspectivas atuais. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry, 34, 25-33.

Daviu, N., Bruchas, M. R., Moghaddam, B., Sandi, C., & Beyeler, A. (2019). Neurobiological links between stress and anxiety. Neurobiol Stress, 11, 100191. doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100191

Ellis, B. J., & Del Giudice, M. (2019). Developmental Adaptation to Stress: An Evolutionary Perspective. Annu Rev Psychol, 70, 111-139. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011732

Evangelista, P., & Cardoso, C. L. (2020). Aconselhamento psicológico fenomenológico-existencial online como possibilidade de atenção psicológica durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Perspectivas em Psicologia, Uberlândia, 24(2), 159-153.

Filgueiras, J. C., & Hippert, M. I. S. (1999). A polêmica em torno do conceito de estresse. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 19, 40-51.

Flores, I. P, Pereira, E. R, Silva, R. M. C. R. A., Bezerra, C. M. P. D., & Alcantara, V. C. G. de. (2020). A religiosidade e sua influência no processo de cura terapêutica. Pesquisa, Sociedade e Desenvolvimento, 9 (6), e12963411. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i6.3411

Gomide, M., & Moreira-Almeida, A. (2022). Religiosidade/Espiritualidade na produção científica da Saúde Coletiva brasileira: panorama e perspectivas. Pesquisa, Sociedade e Desenvolvimento. 11 (11), e131111133485. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33485

Gourret Baumgart, J., Kane, H., El-Hage, W., Deloyer, J., Maes, C., Lebas, M. C., & Denis, F. (2021). The Early Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Facilities and Psychiatric Professionals. In Int J Environ Res Public Health (Vol. 18).

Grandcolas, U., Rettie, R., & Marusenko, K. (2003). Web Survey Bias: Sample or Mode Effect? Journal of Marketing Management, 19(5-6), 541-561. doi:10.1080/0267257X.2003.9728225

Granovetter, M. (1976). Network sampling: Some first steps. American journal of sociology, 81(6), 1287-1303.

Guilland, R., Knapik, J., Klokner, S. G. M., Carlotto, P. A. C., Trevisan, K. R. R., Zimath, S. C., & Cruz, R. M. (2021). Sintomas de depressão e ansiedade em trabalhadores durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Revista Psicologia Organizações e Trabalho, 21, 1721-1730.

Helgesson, M., Tinghög, P., Wang, M., Rahman, S., Saboonchi, F., & Mittendorfer-Rutz, E. (2018). Trajectories of work disability and unemployment among young adults with common mental disorders. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1228. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6141-y

Hemanny, C., Lotufo-Neto, F., Savoia, M., & de Oliveira, I. (2020). Perfil de pacientes com diagnóstico de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático atendidos em um ambulatório de ansiedade e trauma Profile of patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder treated at an anxiety and trauma outpatient clinic. Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas, 19. doi:10.9771/cmbio.v19i4.42253

IBGE. (2010). Censo 2010.

John, A., Eyles, E., Webb, R. T., Okolie, C., Schmidt, L., Arensman, E., & Moran, P. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review. F1000Research, 9.

Kardec, A. (2004). O que é o Espiritismo. Araras: Instituto de Difusão Espírita.

Lace, J. W., Evans, L. N., Merz, Z. C., & Handal, P. J. (2020). Five-Factor Model Personality Traits and Self-Classified Religiousness and Spirituality. J Relig Health, 59(3), 1344-1369. doi:10.1007/s10943-019-00847-1

Larson, D. B., Swyers, J. P., & McCullough, M. E. (1998). Scientific research on spirituality and health: A report based on the Scientific Progress in Spirituality Conferences: National Institute for Healthcare Research.

Lopes, J. M., do Nascimento, F. B. R., Braga, A. O., Junior, A. V. d. B. S., de Lira Araujo, S. V., & de Carvalho Leite, Y. K. (2022). Uso elevado de psicofármacos durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma análise a partir de levantamentos epidemiológicos. Research, Society and Development, 11(8), e47511831180-e47511831180.

Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U

Mangione, L., Swengros, D., & Anderson, J. G. (2017). Mental Health Wellness and Biofield Therapies: An Integrative Review. Issues Ment Health Nurs, 38(11), 930-944. doi:10.1080/01612840.2017.1364808

Marbin, D., Gutwinski, S., Schreiter, S., & Heinz, A. (2022). Perspectives in poverty and mental health. Front Public Health, 10, 975482. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.975482

McEwen, B. S., & Akil, H. (2020). Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders. J Neurosci, 40(1), 12-21. 10.1523/jneurosci.0733-19.2019

Munir, S., & Takov, V. (2020). Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). StatPearls Publishing.

Nason, I., Stein, D. T., Frank, R. G., & Stein, M. B. (2021). Decline In New Starts Of Psychotropic Medications During The COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Aff (Millwood), 40(6), 904-909. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00028

Olfson, M., Blanco, C., Wall, M. M., Liu, S. M., & Grant, B. F. (2019). Treatment of Common Mental Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. J Clin Psychiatry, 80(3). doi:10.4088/JCP.18m12532

Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: development and initial validation of the RCOPE. J Clin Psychol, 56(4), 519-543. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(200004)56:4<519::aid-jclp6>3.0.co;2-1

Patwardhan, P. (2020). COVID-19: Risk of increase in smoking rates among England's 6 million smokers and relapse among England's 11 million ex-smokers. BJGP Open, 4(2). doi:10.3399/bjgpopen20X101067

Paul Victor, C. G., & Treschuk, J. V. (2020). Critical Literature Review on the Definition Clarity of the Concept of Faith, Religion, and Spirituality. J Holist Nurs, 38(1), 107-113. doi:10.1177/0898010119895368

Peixoto, G. S., Inácio, Q. L., & Gadelha, L. M. U. (2019). Ansiedade e depressão em pacientes internados vítimas de acidentes e violência física interpessoal. CEP, 62010, 660.

Peres, M. F. P., Kamei, H. H., Tobo, P. R., & Lucchetti, G. (2018). Mechanisms Behind Religiosity and Spirituality’s Effect on Mental Health, Quality of Life and Well-Being. Journal of Religion and Health, 57(5), 1842-1855. doi:10.1007/s10943-017-0400-6

Santos, M. F., & dos Santos Rodrigues, J. F. (2020). COVID-19 e repercussões psicológicas durante a quarentena e o isolamento social: uma revisão integrativa. Nursing (São Paulo), 23(265), 4095-4106.

Schmidt, B., Crepaldi, M. A., Bolze, S. D. A., Neiva-Silva, L., & Demenech, L. M. (2020). Saúde mental e intervenções psicológicas diante da pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Estudos de Psicologia (campinas), 37.

Solmi, M., Radua, J., Olivola, M., Croce, E., Soardo, L., Salazar de Pablo, G., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2022). Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry, 27(1), 281-295. doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01161-7

Stanley, I. H., Boffa, J. W., Rogers, M. L., Hom, M. A., Albanese, B. J., Chu, C., & Joiner, T. E. (2018). Anxiety sensitivity and suicidal ideation/suicide risk: A meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol, 86(11), 946-960. doi:10.1037/ccp0000342

Tavares, C. (2020). Dimensões do cuidado na perspectiva da espiritualidade durante a pandemia pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Journal Health NPEPS, 5, 1-4. doi:10.30681/252610104517

Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., Fergus, T. A., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). COVID stress syndrome: Concept, structure, and correlates. Depress Anxiety, 37(8), 706-714. doi:10.1002/da.23071

Vitorino, L. M., Lucchetti, G., Leão, F. C., Vallada, H., & Peres, M. F. P. (2018). The association between spirituality and religiousness and mental health. Sci Rep, 8(1), 17233. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35380-w

Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M. W., Gill, H., Phan, L., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. In J Affect Disord (Vol. 277, pp. 55-64): © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Downloads

Published

07/07/2023

How to Cite

SALES, T. M. .; MOTA, R. M. S. .; MACENA, R. H. M. . Stress and Anxiety among people with spiritist engagement: a cross-sectional analysis before and during COVID-19 . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 7, p. e1412742368, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i7.42368. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/42368. Acesso em: 22 dec. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences