Aesthetics and Food Waste: Understanding fruit and vegetable consumer preferences and choices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i3.45365Keywords:
Fruits; Vegetables; Aesthetics; Waste; Consumption.Abstract
The central objective of this article is to understand the relationship between aesthetics, consumption and food waste, notably fruits, vegetables and greens (FVs) and how this determines both consumption patterns and waste of these foods. And also, as a secondary objective, to point out some ways to reevaluate current consumption patterns and establish new ones, aiming to minimize the waste of FVs. Through a narrative literature review covering the areas of philosophy, arts, consumer sciences (marketing, consumer behavior, etc.), food sciences and history, primarily, and sociology, economics and psychology, secondary, the article uses the aesthetic categories of beauty and ugly, perfect and imperfect, as well as the concept of aesthetic judgment to complete a brief historical journey of aesthetics, and not only understand consumer preferences and choices for FVs considered “beautiful” and aesthetically perfect, as well as the consequences of such preferences and choices on social well-being and the environment. Using the concepts of “everyday aesthetics” and “imperfectionist aesthetics”, as well as “food artevism” and “gastropolitics”, the work explores the potential of art and gastronomy to, through aesthetic experience, highlight ethical issues related to food consumption and waste, with the aim of contributing to rethinking rigid and stereotypical concepts and standards.
References
Aschemann-Witzel, J., Jensen, J. H., Jensen, M. H. & Kulikovskaja, V. (2017). Consumer behaviour towards price-reduced suboptimal foods in the supermarket and the relation to food waste in households. Appetite, 116, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.013
Associação Brasileira de Supermercados. (2021). 21ª Avaliação de Perdas no Varejo Brasileiro de Supermercados. Fórum de Prevenção de Perdas 2021. https://static.abras.com.br/pdf/perdas2021.pdf
Azevedo E. (2022). (Locução). Artistas na cozinha ou cozinha no museu? (Ep. 32) [Episódio do Podcast em Áudio]. Panela de Impressão. Spotify. https://open.spotify.com/episode/3kGjgUDH69HMZM9Ld1o1vN
Azevedo, E. & Peled, Y. (2015). “Artevismo”Alimentar. https://www.contemporanea.ufscar.br/index.php/contemporanea/article/view/343/149
Azevedo, E. & Peled, Y. (2021). Gastronomia Político Performativa: o processo de construção da politização da gastronomia e quais estratégias estão sendo utilizadas para tanto. Le Monde Diplomatique. https://diplomatique.org.br/gastronomia-politico-performativa-2/#_ftnref1
Barcellos, G. (2017). O banquete de psique – imaginação, cultura e psicologia da alimentação. Vozes.
Cardello, A. V. (1996). The role of the human senses in food acceptance. In: H. Meiselman & H. Macfie. Food choice, acceptance and consumption (pp. 1-82). Chapman & Hall. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1221-5_1
Cardello, A. V. & Meiselman, H. L. (2018). Contextual Influences on Consumer Responses to Food Products. In: G. Ares & P. Varela (Eds.) Methods in Consumer Research (pp. 3-54). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101743-2.00001-7
Castagna, A. C., Pinto, D. C., Mattila, A. & Barcellos, M. D. (2023). Beauty-is-good, ugly-is-risky: Food aesthetics bias and construal level, Journal of Business Research, 135, 633-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.06.063
Cooks, Jeremy (2010). Mini alimentos orgânicos apresentados na sua forma integral ao comensal. [Photography]. http://jeremycooks.blogspot.com/2010/08/blue-hill.html
Cordeiro, A. M., Oliveira, G. M., Rentería, J. M. & Guimarães, C. A. (2007). Revisão sistemática: uma revisão narrativa. Revista Do Colégio Brasileiro De Cirurgiões, 34(6), 428–431. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-69912007000600012
Daniel, Pauline. (2023). Sob a Pele [Fotografias de frutas e hortaliças imperfeitas que seriam jogadas fora]. https://photographe-paulinedaniel.com/personal/portfolio-auteur#prettyPhoto e https://www.instagram.com/paulinedanielphotography/
De Hooge, I. E. (2022). Promoting the Imperfect: Marketing Strategies to Reduce Product Waste. In: C. Kelly, J. Kemper & E. Rutten (Ed.) Imperfections: Studies in Mistakes, Flaws, and Failures (pp. 103–126). Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781501380303.ch-004
De Hooge, I. E., Van Dulm, E. & Van Trijp, H. C.M. (2018). Cosmetic specifications in the food waste issue: Supply chain considerations and practices concerning suboptimal food products. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 698-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.132
Deutche, W. Design Orgânico (2007). https://www.dw.com/pt-br/artista-alem%C3%A3o-exp%C3%B5e-legumes-em-muta%C3%A7%C3%A3o/a-2741541
Eco, U. (2007 a). História da Beleza. Record.
Eco, U (2007b). História da Feiúra. Record.
Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO] (2019). The State of Food and Agriculture 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction. https://www.fao.org/3/ca6030en/ca6030en.pdf
Fitoorganicos (2023). Nem tudo na vida é perfeito ... a aparência dos alimentos não precisa ser! Instagram. [Photography]. https://www.instagram.com/p/CunKeUYtnv-/?igshid=Y2IzZGU1MTFhOQ%3D%3D
Grewal, L., Hmurovic, J., Lamberton, C. & Reczek, R. W. (2019). The Self-Perception Connection: Why Consumers Devalue Unattractive Produce. Journal of Marketing, 83(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022242918816319
Hartmann, T., Jahnke, B. &Hamm, U. (2021). Making ugly food beautiful: Consumer barriers to purchase and marketing options for Suboptimal Food at retail level – A systematic review. Food Quality and Preference, 90, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104179
Hermann, N. Ética, Estética e Alteridade. GPRACIOFORM – Grupo de Pesquisa Racionalidade e Formação, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, n.d., 1-12. https://www.ufsm.br/app/uploads/sites/547/2020/01/artigo-01.pdf
Hingstona, S. T. & Noseworthy, T. J. (2020). On the epidemic of food waste: Idealized prototypes and the aversion to misshapen fruits and vegetables. Food Quality and Preference, 86, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103999
Hurling, R. & Shepherd R. (2023). Eating with your eyes: effect of appearance on expectations of liking. Appetite, 41(2), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00058-8
Hutchings, J. B. Food colour and appearance (1994). Chapman & Hall.
Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 1979, 263-291. https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185
Kant, I. (2021). Crítica da faculdade de julgar. Vozes.
Kujala, J. T. & Johnson, M. D. (1993). Price knowledge and search behavior for habitual, low involvement food purchases. Journal of Economic Psychology, 14(2), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(93)90002-3
Lagerkvist, C.J., Edenbrandt, A.K., Bolos, L.A. & Nayga, R.M. Jr. (2023). Consumer acceptance of aesthetically imperfect vegetables – The role of information framing and personal values: Evidence from the United States. Food Quality and Preference, 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104737
Liao, S. & Meskin, A.R. (2018). Morality and Aesthetics of Food. In: A., Barnhill, T. Doggett, M. Budolfson (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook on Food Ethics (pp. 658-680). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.013.17
Mattos, P. C. (2015). Tipos de revisão de literatura. Universidade Estadual Paulista, 1-9. https://www.fca.unesp.br/Home/Biblioteca/tipos-de-evisao-de-literatura.pdf
Mendes, C. (2022). O que é uma revisão narrativa de literatura: exemplos e considerações da metodologia. [vídeo]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlBWSVsxvRM
Montanari, M. (2013). Comida como cultura. Senac.
Moraes, C. C. (2020). Mitigação do Desperdício de Alimentos: práticas e causas na díade fornecedor-supermercado. [Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal de São Carlos]. Repositório Institucional da UFSCar. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/handle/ufscar/13009/Tese%20Camila_v.%20final.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Nisbett, R. E. & Wilson, T.D. (1977). The halo effect: evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(4), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.4.250
Oliveira, J. V. G. (2009). Estética em Aristóteles. PHOÎNIX, 15(1), 91-113. https://revistas.ufrj.br/index.php/phoinix/article/view/33024/18498
Paakki, M., Aaltojärvi, I., Sandell, M. & Hopia, A. (2019). The importance of the visual aesthetics of colours in food at a workday lunch. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2018.12.001
Pfeiffer, B. E., Sundar, A. & Deval, H. (2021). Not too Ugly to be Tasty: Guiding Consumer Food Inferences for the Greater Good. Food Quality and Preference, 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104218
Porpino, G., Lourenço, C. E., Araújo, C.M. & Bastos A. (2018). Intercâmbio Brasil – União Europeia sobre desperdício de alimentos. Diálogos Setoriais União Europeia – Brasil. http://www.sectordialogues.org/publicacao
Queiroz, G. L. (2022). Gastronomia em transe: itinerários de crise estética da comida contemporânea [Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de Brasília]. Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília. http://www.realp.unb.br/jspui/bitstream/10482/44961/1/2022_GuilhermeLob%c3%a3odeQueiroz.pdf
Rother, E. T. (2007). Revisão sistemática x revisão narrativa. Acta Paul. Enferm., 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002007000200001
Saito, Y. (2001). Everyday Aesthetics. Philosophy and Literature, 25(1), 87-95. http://www.timothyquigley.net/ipa/saito-everyday_pl25.pdf
Saito, Y. (2021). Aesthetics of the Everyday. Zalta, E. N. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/aesthetics-of-everyday/
Saito, Y. (2018). Consumer Aesthetics and Environmental Ethics: Problems and Possibilities. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 76(4), 429–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/jaac.12594
Saito, Y. (2022). The Aesthetics of Imperfection in Everyday Life. In: Kelly, C., Kemper, J., & Rutten, E. (Ed). Imperfections: Studies in Mistakes, Flaws, and Failures. Bloomsbury Academic, 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501380303.ch-001
Schifferstein, H. N. J., Wehrle, T. & Carbon, C-C. (2019). Consumer expectations for vegetables with typical and atypical colors: The case of carrots. Food Quality and Preference, 72, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.10.002
Simon, H. (1995). A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice. Quarterly Journals of Economics, 69(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884852
Solomon, M. R., Hogg, M. K., Askegaard, S. & Bamossy, G. (2019). Consumer Behaviour: a European perspective. Pearson Education.
Stern, P. C. & Dietz, T. (1994). The Value Basis of Environmental Concern. Journal of Social Issues, 50(3), 65-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02420.x
Strati, A (1992). Aesthetics understanding of organizational life. Academy of Management Review, 17(3), 568-581. https://doi.org/10.2307/258723
Suassuna, A. (2018). Iniciação à Estética. Nova Fronteira.
Thaler, R. H. & Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Nudge: o empurrão para a escolha certa. Elsevier.
Tversky, A. & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science, New Series, 185(4157), 1124-1131. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124
United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP Food Waste Index Report 2021. United Nations Environment Programme (2021). https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KTB1mq9sSWXx38bDfvF0PQy0sEKYsgrn/view
Vermeir, I., Petrescu, D. C. & Petrescu-Mag, R. M. (2023). What are the ‘shape friendly’ locations to sell misshapen tomatoes? The effect of point of purchase on consumers’ abnormality perception and probability to buy. Food Quality and Preference, 106, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104809
Weingartner, S., Rössel, J. & Schenk, P. (2020). Aesthetic and ethical orientations in consumption and lifestyles. In: M. Zafirovski (Org.). A modern guide to Economic Sociology (pp. 264-286). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789901313.00018
Westphal, U. (2006). Mutatoes. The Mutato-Archive. [Photography]. https://www.uliwestphal.de/mutatoes/index.html
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Glauco da Costa Knopp; Edna Lisboa Aparecida Soares
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.