Unusual case of bone cyst caused by Histoplasma capsulatum in a cat: A case report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i7.46267Keywords:
Histoplasmosis; Cat; Bone cyst.Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus present in soil and the causative agent of histoplasmosis in humans and animals, including cats. This disease is of great importance due to its potential to cause serious and disseminated infection. It has a high prevalence in the Americas, with human outbreaks reported in Brazil since the 1940s, most related to cave exploration. In cats, the nasal cavity is the most affected area, and the presence of clinical signs associated with upper respiratory tract infection, such as sneezing, dyspnea and coughing, is common. The fungus can spread through contiguity to underlying tissues or through the hematogenous route to any organ, including the skin. This work aimed to report the clinical case of a cat treated in Rio de Janeiro with edema in the right forelimb and persistent lameness for five months. A radiographic examination of the affected limb was performed. Three bone fragments were obtained by biopsy for bacterial and fungal culture, in addition to histopathological evaluation. Radiological examination of the affected limb showed a cystic structure in the distal ulnar epiphysis (bone cyst). There was no bacterial growth in the bacteriological culture. Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated in culture and histopathological examination revealed an intense inflammatory infiltrate composed of neutrophils and macrophages compatible with a pyogranulomatous process. Therefore, this is the first report of feline histoplasmosis with bone cyst manifestation.
References
Aulakh, H. K., Aulakh, K. S., Troy, G. C. (2012). Feline histoplasmosis: a retrospective study of 22 cases (1986–2009). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 48, 182–187.
Boothe, D. M. (2012). Treatment of fungal infections – azole derivatives. In D. M. Boothe (Ed.), Small animal clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (2nd ed., pp. 380-386). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Brömel, C. & Sykes, J.E. (2005). Histoplasmosis in dogs and cats. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 20, 227–232.
Davies, C. & Troy, G. (1996). Deep mycotic infections in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 32, 380–391.
Fielder, S. E., Meinkoth, J. H., Rizzi, T. E., et al. (2019). Feline histoplasmosis presenting with bone and joint involvement: Clinical and diagnostic findings in 25 cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 21(10), 887-892.
Guerra, B. T., Almeida-Silva, F., Almeida-Paes, R., Basso, R. P., Bernardes, J. P. R. A., Almeida, M. A., Damasceno, L. S., Xavier, M. O., Wanke, B., Zancopé-Oliveira, R. M., & de Melo Teixeira, M. (2020). Histoplasmosis Outbreaks in Brazil: Lessons to Learn About Preventing Exposure. Mycopathologia, 185(5), 881–892.
Hanzlicek, A. S., KuKanich, K. S., Cook, A. K., Hodges, S., Thomason, J. M., DeSilva, R., Ramachandran, A., & Durkin, M. M. (2023). Clinical utility of fungal culture and antifungal susceptibility in cats and dogs with histoplasmosis. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 37(3), 998–1006.
Hodges, R. D., Legendre, A. M., Adams, L. G., Willard, M. D., Pitts, R. P., Monce, K., Needels, C. C., & Ward, H. (1994). Itraconazole for the treatment of histoplasmosis in cats. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 8(6), 409–413.
Huang, L., Wu, Y., & Miao, X. (2013). Localized Histoplasma capsulatum osteomyelitis of the fibula in an immunocompetent teenage boy: a case report. BMC infectious diseases, 13, 132.
Johnson, L. R., Fry, M. M., Anez, K. L., Proctor, B. M., & Jang, S. S. (2004). Histoplasmosis infection in two cats from California. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 40(2), 165–169.
Kirk, N. M., Viesson, M.D., Sullivan, D.R., Pool, R.R. (2019) Osteoblastoma in the distal humerus of a cat. J Comp Path. 172:27-30.
Lomônaco, L. L. D. S., Waller, S. B., Cleff, M. B., Gomes, A. D. R., Silva, B. W. L., Cruz, R. O., de Almeida, T. M., de Vasconcellos, A. L., Ribeiro, W. L. C., de Faria, R. O., Meireles, M. C. A., Pinheiro, A. Q., & Costa, P. P. C. (2020). Disseminated histoplasmosis in a cat rescued in Fortaleza, Brazil, and successfully treated with itraconazole - First case report identified molecularly. Medical mycology case reports, 30, 29–34.
Ludwig, H. C., Hanzlicek, A. S., KuKanich, K. S., et al. (2018). Candidate prognostic indicators in cats with histoplasmosis treated with antifungal therapy. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 20(10), 985-996.
Pereira, A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. UFSM.
Reinhart, J. M., KuKanich, K. S., Jackson, T., et al. (2012). Feline histoplasmosis: Fluconazole therapy and identification of potential sources of Histoplasma species exposure. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14(12), 841-848.
Roush, J. K. (2006) Miscellaneous Diseases of Bone. In: Birchard, S.J., Sherding, R.G. Saunders Manual of Small Animal Practice. 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders; 1186.
Sathapatayavongs, B., Batteiger, B. E., Wheat, J., Slama, T. G., & Wass, J. L. (1983). Clinical and laboratory features of disseminated histoplasmosis during two large urban outbreaks. Medicine, 62(5), 263–270.
Seixas, G. F., Spadrizani, A. F., Gregorio, D., Poleti, M. L., & Fernandes, T. M. F. (2020). Seropositive HIV diagnosis after oral histoplasmosis: the importance of multi-professional care in health. Research, Society and Development, 9(9), e716997839.
Souza, E. W., Gremião, I. D. F., Pereira, S. A., Cunha, S. C. S., & Borba, C. M. (2015) Feline histoplasmosis: a case of supraorbital involvement. R Bras Ci Vet.; 22(2), 77–80.
Wolf, A. M. (1987). Histoplasma capsulatum osteomyelitis in the cat. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 1(4), 158–162.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Isabela Maria da Silva Antonio; Anna Barreto Fernandes Figueiredo; Bruno Fiore de Castro Figueiredo; Ricardo Siqueira da Silva; Paula Gonçalves Viana; Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião; Sandro Antonio Pereira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
