Strategic connectivity in 5G and 6G and remote surgery: The case of Germany

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i7.46402

Keywords:

5G/6G; Technological innovation systems; Remote surgery.

Abstract

This article addresses the topic of 5G and 6G as a Technological Innovation System (TIS) along with the industrial application of Remote Surgery as an empirical case, exploring three main contributions. Firstly, this research contributes to the connection of the Technological Innovation Systems perspective and 5G and 6G networks in a quantitative viewpoint at national and international levels. Secondly, it contributes to Knowledge Production (F2) and Diffusion (F3) studies through Bibliometrics and software uses. Third, it contributes to the studies of a connection in 5G and 6G networks in the Remote Surgery empirical case application on TIS analytical background. Methodologically, the research problem of this study is to explore the R&D capacity in 5G and 6G TIS concerning the applicability of Remote Surgery worldwide and, consequently, in Germany. The general objective is to improve the industrial relevance of Remote Surgery through quantifying publications and patents and the collaborative networks in these domains. According to publications and patent data, the results reveal a crucial R&D map of Germany until 2021.

References

Abdel, A., Hussein, H. H., & Kim, H. (2022). Vision and research directions of 6G technologies and applications. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 34(6), 2419–2442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.03.019

Ashari, P. A., Blind, K., & Koch, C. (2023). Knowledge and technology transfer via publications, patents, standards: Exploring the hydrogen technological innovation system. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 187, 122201–122201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122201

Banafaa, M., Ibraheem Shayea, Din, J., Marwan Hadri Azmi, Abdulaziz Alashbi, Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh, & Abdulraqeb Alhammadi. (2023). 6G Mobile Communication Technology: Requirements, Targets, Applications, Challenges, Advantages, and Opportunities. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 64, 245–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.08.017

Bergek, A., Marko Hekkert, Jacobsson, S., Jochen Markard, Björn Sandén, & Bernhard Truffer. (2015). Technological innovation systems in contexts: Conceptualizing contextual structures and interaction dynamics. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 16, 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2015.07.003

Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2008). Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis. Research Policy, 37(3), 407–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.12.003

Binz, C., Harris-Lovett, S., Kiparsky, M., Sedlak, D. L., & Bernhard Truffer. (2016). The thorny road to technology legitimation — Institutional work for potable water reuse in California. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 103, 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.10.005

Binz, C., Harris-Lovett, S., Kiparsky, M., Sedlak, D. L., & Bernhard Truffer. (2016). The thorny road to technology legitimation — Institutional work for potable water reuse in California. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 103, 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.10.005

Blind, K., & Gauch, S. (2008). Research and standardisation in nanotechnology: evidence from Germany. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 34(3), 320–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-008-9089-8

Blind, K., & Niebel, C. (2022). 5G roll-out failures addressed by innovation policies in the EU. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 180, 121673–121673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121673

Buggenhagen, Magnus & Blind, K. (2022). Development of 5G – Identifying organizations active in publishing, patenting, and standardization. Telecommunications Policy, 46(4), 102326–102326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2022.102326

Carlsson, B. (2006). Internationalization of innovation systems: A survey of the literature. Research Policy, 35(1), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.08.003

Clarivate (2022). Clarivate Partners with IPwe to Enhance AI and Blockchain Patent Solutions - Clarivate. (2022). Clarivate. https://clarivate.com/news/clarivate-partners-with-ipwe-to-enhance-ai-and-blockchain-patent-solutions/

Dananjayan, Sathian & Gerard Marshall Raj. (2020). 5G in healthcare: how fast will be the transformation? Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -), 190(2), 497–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02329-w

De Oliveira, L. G. S., Juliana Subtil Lacerda, & Negro, S. O. (2020). A mechanism-based explanation for blocking mechanisms in technological innovation systems. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 37, 18–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2020.07.006

Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Mihalis Giannakis, Al-Debei, M. M., Dennehy, D., Bhimaraya Metri, Dimitrios Buhalis, Christy M.K. Cheung, Conboy, K., Doyle, R., Dubey, R., Dutot, V., Felix, R., Goyal, D. P., Gustafsson, A., Hinsch, C., Ikram Jebabli, & Janssen, M. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102542–102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542

Elsevier. (2023). Why choose Scopus - Scopus benefits | Elsevier solutions. https://www.elsevier.com/solutions/scopus/why-choose-scopus

European Environment Agency. (2020). EPO Worldwide Patent Statistical Database (PATSTAT). Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/dataand-maps/data/external/epo-worldwide-patent-st atistical-database-patstat [Accessed 8 Aug. 2023].

European Patent Office (2023). EPO - PATSTAT. Worldwide Patent Statistical Database. Epo.org. doi:http://www.epo.org/.

Eurostat (2014), Manuals and guidelines Towards a harmonised methodology for statistical indicators. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5937481/KS-GQ-14-011-EN.P DF/82855e3b-bb6e-498a-a177-07e7884e9bcb.

Furtado, A. T., Hekkert, M. P., & Negro, S. O. (2020). Of actors, functions, and fuels: Exploring a second generation ethanol transition from a technological innovation systems perspective in Brazil. Energy Research and Social Science, 70, 101706–101706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101706.

Hekkert, M.P., Suurs, R.A.A., Negro, S., Kuhlmann, S., & Smits, R. E. H. M. (2007). Functions of innovation systems: A new approach for analysing technological change. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 74(4), 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2006.03.002

IEEE Standards Association. (2023). How to Get Involved. https://standards.ieee.org/participate/?_gl=1*vk1nlc*_gcl_au*NzUxNzE4MzQx LjE2OTY5NjcxOTM. [Accessed 18 Nov. 2023].

IIETA | Advancing the World of Information and Engineering. (2024). Iieta.org. https://www.iieta.org/

Islam, A., Theodore, Rashedul Islam Sumon, Shah, Athar, A., & Kim, H.-C. (2023). The Metaverse for Intelligent Healthcare using XAI, Blockchain, and Immersive Technology. https://doi.org/10.1109/metacom57706.2023.00107

ISO. (2023). ISO - International Organization for Standardization. https://www.iso.org/home.html [Accessed 19 Nov. 2023].

ITU Council 2023. (2023). Homepage - 2023 July Session. https://council.itu.int/2023/en/ [Accessed 18 Nov. 2023].

Johnson, A. and Jacobsson, S. (2001): Inducement and blocking mechanisms in the development of a new industry: The case of renewable energy technology in Sweden, in: Coombs, R., Green, K., Richards, A. and Walsh, V. (eds): Technology and the Market: Demand, Users and Innovation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 89-111.

Kukk, Piret; Moors; Ellen H.M. and Hekkert, M.P. (2016). Institutional power play in innovation systems: The case of Herceptin®. Research Policy, 45(8), pp.1558–1569. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.01.016

Lin, X., Liu, B., Han, J., & Chen, X. (2018). Industrial upgrading based on global innovation chains: A case study of Huawei technologies Co., Ltd. Shenzhen. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 2(3), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2018.08.001

Liefner, Ingo, Si, Y., & Schäfer, K. (2019). A latecomer firm’s R&D collaboration with advanced country universities and research institutes: The case of Huawei in Germany. Technovation, 86-87, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2019.03.002

López-Pernas, S., Saqr, M. & Apiola, M. (2022). Scientometrics: A concise introduction and a detailed methodology for the mapping of the scientific field of computing education. Electronic copy https://ssrn.com/abstract=4156916 6.3)

Lundvall, B.-Å. (n.d.). The Learning economy and The economics of hope. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/31613/1/626406.pdf

Markard, Jochen. (2020). The life cycle of technological innovation systems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 153, 119407–119407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.045

Markard, Jochen, Hekkert, Marko & Jacobsson, S. (2015). The technological innovation systems framework: Response to six criticisms. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 16, 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2015.07.006

Maurya, A. (2021). An Introduction to Scientometrics. UAB - Universal Academic Books. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351605989_An_Introduction_to_Scientometrics 6.2)

Mingers, J. & Leydesdorff, L. (2015). A Review of Theory and Practice in Scientometrics. JO - European Journal of Operational Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2015.04.002. http://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S037722171500274X. 7.

Moldicz, C. (2021). China, the USA and technological supremacy in Europe. Routledge.

Muhammad Waseem Akhtar, Syed Ali Hassan, Ghaffar, R., Jung, H., Garg, S., & M. Shamim Hossain. (2020). The shift to 6G communications: vision and requirements. Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences, 10(1).

Nevzorova, T., & Emrah Karakaya. (2020). Explaining the drivers of technological innovation systems: The case of biogas technologies in mature markets. Journal of Cleaner Production, 259, 120819–120819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120819

Nees, J., Van Eck, L. & Waltman (2022). VOSviewer Manual. https://www.vosviewer.com/documentation/Manual_VOSviewer_1.6.18.pdf [Accessed 19 Nov. 2023].

Negro, S. O. (2007). Dynamics of Technological Innovation Systems: The case of biomass energy. Netherlands Geographical Studies, 356. https://doi.org/2007-0219-200257

NIST. (2023). National Institute of Standards and Technology | NIST. https://www.nist.gov/

OECD & Eurostat, 2018. Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation. Retrieved from, 4th edition. https://www.oecd.org/science/oslo-manual-2018-9789264304604-en.htm.

Oecd.org. (2022). OECD.Stat Metadata Viewer. https://stats.oecd.org/OECDStat_Metadata/ShowMetadata.ashx? DataSet=PAT_DEV

Palm, A. (2022). Innovation systems for technology diffusion: An analytical framework and two case studies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121821–121821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121821

Pritchard, A., & Wittig, G. R. (1981). Bibliometrics. Watford: AllM Books.

Rikap, C., & Lundvall, B. Å. (2021). Digital Innovation Race. Springer International Publishing.

Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Crescenzi, R. (2008). Research and development, spillovers, innovation systems, and the genesis of regional growth in Europe. Regional studies, 42(1), 51-67 doi:https://doi.org/10.1080//00343400701654186.

Rutger De Jong and Bus, D. (2023). VOSviewer: putting research into context. doi:https://doi.org/10.21428/a1847950.acdc99d6.

Silva, & Guerreiro, J. (2020). On the 5G and Beyond. Applied Sciences, 10(20), 7091–7091. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207091

Suurs, R.A.A. (2009). Motors of sustainable innovation: Towards a theory on the dynamics of technological innovation systems. Library.uu.nl. Doi: https://doi.org/978-90-6266-264-7.

Suurs, R.A.A. & Hekkert, M.P. (2009). Cumulative causation in the formation of a technological innovation system: The case of biofuels in the Netherlands. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(8), pp.1003–1020.

Tataria, H., Shafi, M., Molisch, A. F., Dohler, M., Henrik Sjoland, & Fredrik Tufvesson. (2021). 6G Wireless Systems: Vision, Requirements, Challenges, Insights, and Opportunities. Proceedings of the IEEE, 109(7), 1166–1199.

UNCTAD (2021). Catching technological waves Innovation with equity. https://unctad.org/system/files/officialdocument/tir2020_en.pdf.

Wang, G., Badal, A., Jia, X., Maltz, J.S., Mueller, K., Myers, K.J., Niu, C., Vannier, Weber, M. & Truffer, B. (2017). Moving innovation systems research to the next level: towards an integrative agenda. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 33(1), 101–121.

Weiss, D., & Nemeczek, F. (2022). A Media-based Innovation Indicator: Examining declining Technological Innovation Systems. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 43, 289–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2022.04.001

Wieczorek, Anna J., & Hekkert, M. P. (2012). Systemic instruments for systemic innovation problems: A framework for policy makers and innovation scholars. Science and Public Policy, 39(1), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scr008

Wipo.int. (2023). World Intellectual Property Organization. - Search Results – WIPO Knowledge Repository. https://tind.wipo.int/search?f1=author&as=1&sf=title&so=a&rm=&m1=p&p1=World%20Intellectual%20Property%20Organization.&ln=en ]

Zhu, J., & Liu, W. (2020). A tale of two databases: the use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers. Scientometrics, 123(1), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03387-8

Downloads

Published

30/07/2024

How to Cite

MARTINELLI, M.; COSTA, L. A. L. F. da .; MAZONI, A.; SANCHES, J. L. P. .; KUNST, R. Strategic connectivity in 5G and 6G and remote surgery: The case of Germany. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 7, p. e14413746402, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i7.46402. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/46402. Acesso em: 22 dec. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences