A importância da utilização racional de antibióticos na redução dos impactos ambientais e na saúde pública: Uma revisão crítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i2.48271Palavras-chave:
Uso racional de antibióticos; Resistência de antibióticos; Genes de resistência bacteriana; Saúde Pública; Meio Ambiente.Resumo
O consumo de antibióticos na saúde humana e animal aumentou significativamente ao longo dos anos, levando ao uso irracional e à disseminação da resistência a antibióticos em bactérias. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o impacto da resistência a antibióticos no meio ambiente e na saúde pública por meio de uma revisão narrativa de artigos e relatórios publicados entre 2014 e 2024. As buscas foram realizadas usando diferentes bancos de dados e os termos de pesquisa foram “contaminação por medicamentos”, “contaminação da água”, “resíduos médicos”, “resistência a medicamentos”, “antibióticos”, “uso racional de medicamentos” e “meio ambiente”, e foram usados diferentes bancos de dados. Os resultados mostram que as excreções animais e o descarte inadequado de antibióticos facilitaram a disseminação de genes de resistência por meio da contaminação de rios e fontes de água e do consumo de carne e alimentos contaminados. Isso afetou a saúde pública por meio da ineficácia dos antibióticos e do aumento da mortalidade por infecções com bactérias resistentes a antibióticos. O uso racional de antibióticos, combinado com a educação em saúde, é essencial para evitar o uso irracional e o descarte inadequado de antibióticos. Essas abordagens podem ajudar a reduzir o impacto sobre a saúde pública e o meio ambiente.
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