Colonização por mollicutes e resultados adversos em gestantes: Revisão sistematizada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i2.48296Palavras-chave:
Mycoplasma; Ureaplasma; Gravidez.Resumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura sobre a colonização por Mycoplasma e Ureaplasma em gestantes e sua associação com complicações obstétricas e neonatais. A revisão sistemática seguiu as diretrizes PRISMA, incluindo estudos publicados entre 2014 e 2024 nas bases PUBMED/MEDLINE, WPRIM, LILACS e IBECS. Foram selecionadas 60 publicações que investigaram a presença de M. hominis, M. genitalium, U. urealyticum e U. parvum e sua relação com desfechos obstétricos desfavoráveis e complicações neonatais. Os resultados indicaram que a colonização por micoplasmas em gestantes, varia conforme a população estudada, o tipo de amostra coletada e a metodologia diagnóstica. Muitos estudos encontraram associação positiva entre a colonização por Mollicutes e parto prematuro, aborto, ruptura prematura de membranas, corioamnionite e outros desfechos desfavoráveis na gestação. Ureaplasma spp. foi a espécie mais frequentemente detectada, sendo associada a inflamação intrauterina e prematuridade. A presença desses microrganismos no líquido amniótico e placenta foi correlacionada a desfechos neonatais adversos, incluindo síndrome do desconforto respiratório e displasia broncopulmonar. Embora as evidências sugiram um possível papel patogênico dos micoplasmas na gestação, a heterogeneidade dos estudos impede conclusões definitivas sobre sua influência isolada ou combinada com outros microrganismos nos desfechos gestacionais. São necessários estudos prospectivos que analisem a colonização por micoplasmas no contexto do microbioma vaginal gestacional, considerando fatores epidemiológicos e clínicos para uma melhor compreensão de seu impacto na gravidez.
Referências
Abdelaziz, Z. A., Ibrahim, M. E., Bilal, N. E., & Hamid, M. E. (2014). Vaginal infections among pregnant women at Omdurman Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. J Infect Dev Ctries, 8(4), 490-497. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3197
Aberšek, N., Tsiartas, P., Jonsson, D., Grankvist, A., Barman, M., Hallingström, M., Kacerovsky, M., & Jacobsson, B. (2022). Calprotectin levels in amniotic fluid in relation to intra-amniotic inflammation and infection in women with preterm labor with intact membranes: A retrospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 272, 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.03.006
Agger, W. A., Siddiqui, D., Lovrich, S. D., Callister, S. M., Borgert, A. J., Merkitch, K. W., Mason, T. C., Baumgardner, D. J., Burmester, J. K., Shukla, S. K., Welter, J. D., Stewart, K. S., Washburn, M. J., & Bailey, H. H. (2014). Epidemiologic factors and urogenital infections associated with preterm birth in a midwestern U.S. population. Obstet Gynecol, 124(5), 969-977. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000000470
Alinezhad, S., Bakhshandehnosrat, S., Baniaghil, A. S., Livani, S., Bazouri, M., Shafipour, M., Behnampour, N., & Ghaemi, E. A. (2022). The Role of Genital Mycoplasmas in Preterm Labor. J Reprod Infertil, 23(2), 114-119. https://doi.org/10.18502/jri.v23i2.8996
Aydogan, P., Kahyaoglu, S., Saygan, S., Kaymak, O., Mollamahmutoglu, L., & Danisman, N. (2014). Does cervical ureaplasma/mycoplasma colonization increase the lower uterine segment bleeding risk during cesarean section among patients with placenta previa? A cross-sectional study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 18(16), 2243-2247.
Bae, J., Kim, S., Hwang, I., & Park, J. (2021). Comparison between Cervical Ureaplasma spp. Colonization and the Intensity of Inflammatory Mediators in the Amniotic Fluid Retrieved during Cesarean Delivery in Preterm Birth. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010107
Bartkeviciene, D., Opolskiene, G., Bartkeviciute, A., Arlauskiene, A., Lauzikiene, D., Zakareviciene, J., & Ramasauskaite, D. (2020). The impact of Ureaplasma infections on pregnancy complications. Libyan J Med, 15(1), 1812821. https://doi.org/10.1080/19932820.2020.1812821
Cao, C. J., Wang, Y. F., Fang, D. M., & Hu, Y. (2018). Relation between mycoplasma infection and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 22(8), 2207-2211. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201804_14805
Cicinelli, E., Matteo, M., Tinelli, R., Pinto, V., Marinaccio, M., Indraccolo, U., De Ziegler, D., & Resta, L. (2014). Chronic endometritis due to common bacteria is prevalent in women with recurrent miscarriage as confirmed by improved pregnancy outcome after antibiotic treatment. Reprod Sci, 21(5), 640-647. https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719113508817
Cobo, T., Vives, I., Rodríguez-Trujillo, A., Murillo, C., Ángeles, M. A., Bosch, J., Vergara, A., Gratacós, E., & Palacio, M. (2017). Impact of microbial invasion of amniotic cavity and the type of microorganisms on short-term neonatal outcome in women with preterm labor and intact membranes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 96(5), 570-579. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13095
Cocucci, S. E., Santacruz Silvero, M. G., Losada, M. O., Touzón, M. S., RudaVega, H., Vazquez Blanco, M., Provenzano, S. L., Vay, C. A., Famiglietti Á, M. R., & Perazzi, B. E. (2019). [Microbiological analysis of the maternal genital tract and umbilical cord blood and its association with neonatal damage]. Rev Argent Microbiol, 51(2), 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2017.09.005 (Análisis microbiológico del tracto genital materno y de la sangre del cordón umbilical en relación con el daño neonatal.)
Combaz-Söhnchen, N., & Kuhn, A. (2017). A Systematic Review of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in Urogynaecology. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 77(12), 1299-1303. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119687
Contini, C., Rotondo, J. C., Magagnoli, F., Maritati, M., Seraceni, S., Graziano, A., Poggi, A., Capucci, R., Vesce, F., Tognon, M., & Martini, F. (2018). Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage. J Cell Physiol, 234(1), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26952
Cunha, G., Bastos, L. B., Freitas, S. F., Cavalli, R. C., & Quintana, S. M. (2022). Genital mycoplasma infection and spontaneous preterm birth outcome: a prospective cohort study. Bjog, 129(2), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16949
Faron, G., Vancutsem, E., Naessens, A., Buyl, R., Gucciardo, L., & Foulon, W. (2017). Effect of Genital Sampling Site on the Detection and Quantification of Ureaplasma Species with Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction during Pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2017, 6725168. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6725168
Gomes, I. S. & Caminha, I. O. (2014). Guia para estudos de revisão sistemática: uma opção metodológica para as Ciências do Movimento Humano. Movimento. 20 (1), 395-411
Han, Y.-S., Chun, S., Chun, J., & Sung, T.-J. (2017). Clinical Effects of Ureaplasma urealyticum Colonization in Maternal Vaginal Fluid at Second Trimester on Neonatal Outcomes of Premature Infant ≤35 Weeks' Gestational Age. Neonatal Medicine, 24, 123. https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2017.24.3.123
Hill, J. E., Peña-Sánchez, J. N., Fernando, C., Freitas, A. C., Withana Gamage, N., & Fowler, S. (2022). Composition and Stability of the Vaginal Microbiota of Pregnant Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 28(6), 905-911. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izab314
Jeon, J., Choi, Y. S., Kim, Y., Hong, S., Sung, J. H., Choi, S. J., Oh, S. Y., & Roh, C. R. (2022). Maternal Baseline Risk Factors for Abnormal Vaginal Colonisation among High-Risk Pregnant Women and the Association with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010040
Kacerovsky, M., Musilova, I., Khatibi, A., Skogstrand, K., Hougaard, D. M., Tambor, V., Tosner, J., & Jacobsson, B. (2012). Intraamniotic inflammatory response to bacteria: analysis of multiple amniotic fluid proteins in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 25(10), 2014-2019. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2012.671873
Kayem, G., Doloy, A., Schmitz, T., Chitrit, Y., Bouhanna, P., Carbonne, B., Jouannic, J. M., Mandelbrot, L., Benachi, A., Azria, E., Maillard, F., Fenollar, F., Poyart, C., Bebear, C., & Goffinet, F. (2018). Antibiotics for amniotic-fluid colonization by Ureaplasma and/or Mycoplasma spp. to prevent preterm birth: A randomized trial. PLoS One, 13(11), e0206290. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206290
Kikhney, J., von Schöning, D., Steding, I., Schulze, J., Petrich, A., Hiergeist, A., Reischl, U., Moter, A., & Thomas, A. (2017). Is Ureaplasma spp. the leading causative agent of acute chorioamnionitis in women with preterm birth? Clin Microbiol Infect, 23(2), 119.e111-119.e117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.10.010
Kim, S. M., Romero, R., Lee, J., Chaemsaithong, P., Docheva, N., & Yoon, B. H. (2016). Gastric fluid versus amniotic fluid analysis for the identification of intra-amniotic infection due to Ureaplasma species. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 29(16), 2579-2587. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2015.1098614
Kusanovic, J. P., Jung, E., Romero, R., Mittal Green, P., Nhan-Chang, C. L., Vaisbuch, E., Erez, O., Kim, C. J., Gonçalves, L. F., Espinoza, J., Mazaki-Tovi, S., Chaiworapongsa, T., Diaz-Primera, R., Yeo, L., Suksai, M., Gotsch, F., & Hassan, S. S. (2022). Characterization of amniotic fluid sludge in preterm and term gestations. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 35(25), 9770-9779. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2022.2053102
Lanao, A. E., Chakraborty, R. K., & Pearson-Shaver, A. L. (2025). Mycoplasma Infections. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Lee, M. Y., Kim, M. H., Lee, W. I., Kang, S. Y., & Jeon, Y. L. (2016). Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Pregnant Women. Yonsei Med J, 57(5), 1271-1275. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2016.57.5.1271
Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Yang, D., Xu, C., Huang, Y., Qing, Q., Li, D., Liao, J., Ding, Y., Zhou, J., Zhang, J., Sun, C., & Zhou, H. (2019). Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma infections in tubal pregnancy. Sci Rep, 9(1), 15979. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52193-7
Lukic, A., Napoli, A., Santino, I., Bianchi, P., Nobili, F., Ciampittiello, G., Nardone, M. R., Santomauro, M., Di Properzio, M., & Caserta, D. (2017). Cervicovaginal bacteria and fungi in pregnant diabetic and non-diabetic women: a multicenter observational cohort study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 21(10), 2303-2315.
Ma, C., Du, J., Dou, Y., Chen, R., Li, Y., Zhao, L., Liu, H., & Zhang, K. (2021). The Associations of Genital Mycoplasmas with Female Infertility and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Reprod Sci, 28(11), 3013-3031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00399-w
Martín-Saco, G., Tristancho, A., Arias, A., Ferrer, I., Milagro, A., & García-Lechuz, J. M. (2022). Mycoplasma genitalium and sexually transmitted infections: evidences and figures in a tertiary hospital. Rev Esp Quimioter, 35(1), 76-79. https://doi.org/10.37201/req/091.2021
Mešić Ðogić, L., Lučić, N., Mićić, D., Omeragić, F., Hodžić, E., Fazlagić, S., Kovač, R., & Pavlović, N. (2017). Correlation between cervical infection and preterm labor. Med Glas (Zenica), 14(1), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.17392/886-16
Musilova, I., Kutová, R., Pliskova, L., Stepan, M., Menon, R., Jacobsson, B., & Kacerovsky, M. (2015). Intraamniotic Inflammation in Women with Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes. PLoS One, 10(7), e0133929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133929
Oh, K. J., Kim, S. M., Hong, J. S., Maymon, E., Erez, O., Panaitescu, B., Gomez-Lopez, N., Romero, R., & Yoon, B. H. (2017). Twenty-four percent of patients with clinical chorioamnionitis in preterm gestations have no evidence of either culture-proven intraamniotic infection or intraamniotic inflammation. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 216(6), 604.e601-604.e611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.035
Oh, K. J., Romero, R., Kim, H. J., Jung, E., Gotsch, F., Suksai, M., & Yoon, B. H. (2022). The role of intraamniotic inflammation in threatened midtrimester miscarriage. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 227(6), 895.e891-895.e813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.007
Oliveira, C. N. T., Oliveira, M. T. S., Oliveira, H. B. M., Silva, L. S. C., Freire, R. S., Santos Júnior, M. N., Oliveira, M. V., Timenetsky, J., Campos, G. B., & Marques, L. M. (2020). Association of spontaneous abortion and Ureaplasma parvum detected in placental tissue. Epidemiol Infect, 148, e126. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820001302
Otgonjargala, B., Becker, K., Batbaatar, G., Tsogtsaikhan, S., Enkhtsetseg, J., Enkhjargal, A., Pfeffer, K., Adams, O., Battogtokh, C., & Henrich, B. (2017). Effect of Mycoplasma hominis and cytomegalovirus infection on pregnancy outcome: A prospective study of 200 Mongolian women and their newborns. PLoS One, 12(3), e0173283. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173283
Paramel Jayaprakash, T., Wagner, E. C., van Schalkwyk, J., Albert, A. Y., Hill, J. E., & Money, D. M. (2016). High Diversity and Variability in the Vaginal Microbiome in Women following Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM): A Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS One, 11(11), e0166794. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166794
Park, S., You, Y. A., Kim, Y. H., Kwon, E., Ansari, A., Kim, S. M., Lee, G., Hur, Y. M., Jung, Y. J., Kim, K., & Kim, Y. J. (2022). Ureaplasma and Prevotella colonization with Lactobacillus abundance during pregnancy facilitates term birth. Sci Rep, 12(1), 10148. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13871-1
Payne, M. S., Feng, Z., Li, S., Doherty, D. A., Xu, B., Li, J., Liu, L., Keelan, J. A., Zhou, Y. H., Dickinson, J. E., Hu, Y., & Newnham, J. P. (2014). Second trimester amniotic fluid cytokine concentrations, Ureaplasma sp. colonisation status and sexual activity as predictors of preterm birth in Chinese and Australian women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 14, 340. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-340
Payne, M. S., Ireland, D. J., Watts, R., Nathan, E. A., Furfaro, L. L., Kemp, M. W., Keelan, J. A., & Newnham, J. P. (2016). Ureaplasma parvum genotype, combined vaginal colonisation with Candida albicans, and spontaneous preterm birth in an Australian cohort of pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(1), 312. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-1110-x
Payne, M. S., Newnham, J. P., Doherty, D. A., Furfaro, L. L., Pendal, N. L., Loh, D. E., & Keelan, J. A. (2021). A specific bacterial DNA signature in the vagina of Australian women in midpregnancy predicts high risk of spontaneous preterm birth (the Predict1000 study). Am J Obstet Gynecol, 224(2), 206.e201-206.e223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.034
Pereira A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [free e-book]. Santa Maria/RS. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM.
Peretz, A., Tameri, O., Azrad, M., Barak, S., Perlitz, Y., Dahoud, W. A., Ben-Ami, M., & Kushnir, A. (2020). Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma carriage in pregnant women: the prevalence of transmission from mother to newborn. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 456. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03147-9
Prodan-Barbulescu, C., Bratosin, F., Folescu, R., Boeriu, E., Popa, Z. L., Citu, C., Ratiu, A., Rosca, O., & Ilie, A. C. (2024). Analysis of Vaginal Microbiota Variations in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy and Their Correlation with Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study. Microorganisms, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020417
Przybylski, M., Wicher-Gozdur, I., Kippen, J., Millert-Kalinska, S., Zawiejska, A., Jach, R., & Pruski, D. (2024). Effect of Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma genital tract infection on preterm labor. Ginekol Pol, 95(12), 959-965. https://doi.org/10.5603/gpl.99827
Rauh, M., Werle, F., Schmidt, B., Litzka, C., Solano, M. E., & Köninger, A. (2024). Prevalence of genital Mycoplasma in pregnancies with shortened cervix. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 310(2), 971-979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-023-07252-w
Rittenschober-Boehm, J., Fuiko, R., Farr, A., Willinger, B., Berger, A., & Goeral, K. (2024). Intrauterine Detection of Ureaplasma Species after Vaginal Colonization in Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcome. Neonatology, 121(2), 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1159/000534779
Rittenschober-Böhm, J., Waldhoer, T., Schulz, S. M., Pimpel, B., Goeral, K., Kasper, D. C., Witt, A., & Berger, A. (2019). Vaginal Ureaplasma parvum serovars and spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 220(6), 594.e591-594.e599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.01.237
Rittenschober-Böhm, J., Waldhoer, T., Schulz, S. M., Stihsen, B., Pimpel, B., Goeral, K., Hafner, E., Sliutz, G., Kasper, D. C., Witt, A., & Berger, A. (2018). First Trimester Vaginal Ureaplasma Biovar Colonization and Preterm Birth: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study. Neonatology, 113(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1159/000480065
Rodríguez-Trujillo, A., Cobo, T., Vives, I., Bosch, J., Kacerovsky, M., Posadas, D. E., Ángeles, M. A., Gratacós, E., Jacobsson, B., & Palacio, M. (2016). Gestational age is more important for short-term neonatal outcome than microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity or intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 95(8), 926-933. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12905
Romero, R., Miranda, J., Chaemsaithong, P., Chaiworapongsa, T., Kusanovic, J. P., Dong, Z., Ahmed, A. I., Shaman, M., Lannaman, K., Yoon, B. H., Hassan, S. S., Kim, C. J., Korzeniewski, S. J., Yeo, L., & Kim, Y. M. (2015). Sterile and microbial-associated intra-amniotic inflammation in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 28(12), 1394-1409. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2014.958463
Romero, R., Miranda, J., Kusanovic, J. P., Chaiworapongsa, T., Chaemsaithong, P., Martinez, A., Gotsch, F., Dong, Z., Ahmed, A. I., Shaman, M., Lannaman, K., Yoon, B. H., Hassan, S. S., Kim, C. J., Korzeniewski, S. J., Yeo, L., & Kim, Y. M. (2015). Clinical chorioamnionitis at term I: microbiology of the amniotic cavity using cultivation and molecular techniques. J Perinat Med, 43(1), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2014-0249
Romero, R., Pacora, P., Kusanovic, J. P., Jung, E., Panaitescu, B., Maymon, E., Erez, O., Berman, S., Bryant, D. R., Gomez-Lopez, N., Theis, K. R., Bhatti, G., Kim, C. J., Yoon, B. H., Hassan, S. S., Hsu, C. D., Yeo, L., Diaz-Primera, R., Marin-Concha, J., . . . Gervasi, M. T. (2021). Clinical chorioamnionitis at term X: microbiology, clinical signs, placental pathology, and neonatal bacteremia - implications for clinical care. J Perinat Med, 49(3), 275-298. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0297
Romero, R., Yoon, B. H., Chaemsaithong, P., Cortez, J., Park, C. W., Gonzalez, R., Behnke, E., Hassan, S. S., Chaiworapongsa, T., & Yeo, L. (2014). Bacteria and endotoxin in meconium-stained amniotic fluid at term: could intra-amniotic infection cause meconium passage? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 27(8), 775-788. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2013.844124
Rowlands, S., Danielewski, J. A., Tabrizi, S. N., Walker, S. P., & Garland, S. M. (2017). Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in midtrimester pregnancies using molecular microbiology. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 217(1), 71.e71-71.e75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.051
Smaoui, M., Carole, K., Sellami, H., Kammoun, S., Choura, K., Maazoun, L., Mestiri, H., Aeby, S., Louati, D., Derbel, M., Chaabene, K., Hammami, A., Greub, G., & Znazen, A. (2019). Human miscarriage and infection in Tunisia: Role of Mycoplasma hominis and high Waddlia seroprevalence. J Infect Dev Ctries, 13(5), 410-418. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9829
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 104, 333-339.
Stepan, M., Cobo, T., Maly, J., Navratilova, M., Musilova, I., Hornychova, H., Jacobsson, B., & Kacerovsky, M. (2016). Neonatal outcomes in subgroups of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes before 34 weeks. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 29(14), 2373-2377. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2015.1086329
Shitsuka, R. et al. (2014). Matemática fundamental para tecnologia. 2ed. Editora Erica. Vieira, S. (2021). Introdução à bioestatística. Ed.GEN/Guanabara Koogan.
Sun, D., Zhao, X., Pan, Q., Li, F., Gao, B., Zhang, A., Huang, H., Xu, D., & Cheng, C. (2022). The association between vaginal microbiota disorders and early missed abortion: A prospective study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 101(9), 960-971. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14410
Teixeira Oliveira, C. N., Oliveira, M. T. S., Martins Oliveira, H. B., Coelho Silva, L. S., Santos Júnior, M. N., Almeida, C. F., Amorim, A. T., Oliveira, M. V., Timenetsky, J., Campos, G. B., & Marques, L. M. (2021). Ureaplasma parvum alters the immune tolerogenic state in placental tissue and could cause miscarriage. Fertility and sterility, 116(4), 1030-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.108
Toboso Silgo, L., Cruz-Melguizo, S., de la Cruz Conty, M. L., Encinas Pardilla, M. B., Muñoz Algarra, M., Nieto Jiménez, Y., Arranz Friediger, A., & Martínez-Pérez, Ó. (2021). Screening for Vaginal and Endocervical Infections in the First Trimester of Pregnancy? A Study That Ignites an Old Debate. Pathogens, 10(12), 1610. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/12/1610
Vouga, M., Greub, G., Prod'hom, G., Durussel, C., Roth-Kleiner, M., Vasilevsky, S., & Baud, D. (2014). Treatment of genital mycoplasma in colonized pregnant women in late pregnancy is associated with a lower rate of premature labour and neonatal complications. Clin Microbiol Infect, 20(10), 1074-1079. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12686
Witt, R. G., Blair, L., Frascoli, M., Rosen, M. J., Nguyen, Q. H., Bercovici, S., Zompi, S., Romero, R., & Mackenzie, T. C. (2020). Detection of microbial cell-free DNA in maternal and umbilical cord plasma in patients with chorioamnionitis using next generation sequencing. PLoS One, 15(4), e0231239. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231239
Xuan, Y., Zhao, J., Hong, X., Yan, T., Zhang, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, J., & Wang, B. (2024). Transition of the genital mollicutes from the second to the third trimester of pregnancy and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM women: a prospective, single-center cohort study from China. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 24(1), 233. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06418-x
Yamamoto, T., Nomiyama, M., Oshima, Y., Ono, T., Kozuma, Y., Nakura, Y., Yanagihara, I., Tsumura, K., & Yokoyama, M. (2024). Prenatal exposure to intra-amniotic infection with Ureaplasma species increases the prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 37(1), 2320670. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2024.2320670
Yu, J., Yu, S., Zhu, L., Sun, X., Lu, B., Li, J., Hu, Y., & Li, P. (2022). Is there an association between recurrent spontaneous abortion and mycoplasma infection? J Infect Dev Ctries, 16(8), 1302-1307. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.15134
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Fabrícia Almeida Fernandes Santana; Lucas Miranda Marques; Jéssica Bomfim de Almeida
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
