In vivo study on the toxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potentials of stem bark ethanolic extract of Cenostigma gardnerianum Tul. (Caneleiro)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5015Keywords:
Bioassay; Caneleiro; Allium cepa.Abstract
Many species of medicinal plants have been used as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of diseases around the world, as well as promoting advances in the production of herbal medicines. However, this use is often done indiscriminately and leads to serious consequences in the body of those who use them. Therefore, studies on the toxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potentials of medicinal plant species are necessary for their safe use. Cenostigma gardnerianum Tul, popularly known as Caneleiro or Canela-de-velho, is widely used by the population for its anti-inflammatory, antispassmolytic, antitussive, antifungal properties, among others. The aim of this research was to study and analyze a possible toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of the ethanolic extract from the bark of the stem of Cenostigma gardnerianum Tul. by means of the Allium cepa in vivo bioassay. The extract was divided into four concentrations, divided into groups A, B, C and D, respectively: 0.5mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml, 2.0mg/ml and 5.0mg/ml, in addition to the Negative Control (dechlorinated water), Positive Control (dimethyl sulfoxide) and Blank control (distilled water). The roots were measured for toxicity evaluation, the Mitotic Index (MI) was calculated for cytotoxicity research, and finally micronuclei count was performed to study the genotoxicity of each extract concentration. The low growth of the meristems indicated the presence of toxicity; the mitotic indices found were statistically lower than in the negative control, revealing cytotoxicity; and the high micronucleus count showed the presence of genotoxicity. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of the Caneleiro bark presents toxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activity, with statistically significant values for concentrations starting from 2mg/ml.
References
Alves, C. Q., David, J. M., David, J. P., Villareal, C. F & Soares, M. B. (2009). Bioactive substances of Cenostigma gardnerianum Tul. (Leguminosae). 32ª RASBQ.
Bagatini, M. D., Silva, A. C. F & Tedesco, S. B. (2007). Use of the Allium cepa system as a bio-
indicator of genotoxicity of herbal infusions. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 17(3), 44-447.
Duarte, M. C. T. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of medicinal and aromatic plants used in Brazil. Magazine Multicience, n. 7.
Fachinetto J. M., Bagatini M. D., Durigon, J., Silva A. C. F., & Tedesco, S. B. (2007). Anti-proliferative effect of infusions of Achyrocline satureioides DC (Asteraceae) on the cell cycle of Allium cepa. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 17: 49-54.
Fiskejö, G. (1985). The Allium test as a standard in Environmental Monitoring. Hereditary property. 102: 99-112.
Figueiredo, D. R. (2014). Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the herb water extract (Pimpinela anisum L.) through the test in Allium cepa L. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) em ciências biológicas. Universidade Estadual de Paraíba, Campina Grande.
Leo, R. B. A., Ferreira, M. R. C., & Jardim, M. A. G. (2007). Survey of plants for therapeutic use in the municipality of Santa Bárbara do Pará, State of Pará, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmácia, v. 88, n. 1, p. 21-25.
Leme, D. M., & Marin-Morales, M. A. (2009). Allium cepa test in Environmental Monitoring: a review on its application. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 682(1), 71-81.
Lopes, C. R. (2005). Tea leaves. Viçosa: UFV.
Neto, M. P. L. (2011). Toxic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic evaluation of the 3-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl) -Imidazolidine-2,4-dione compound in eukaryotic cells. Master’s dissertation in Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Saucer, N. M., Souza, I. R. P., Prates, H. T., Faria, T. C. L., Son, I. A. P. & Magalhães, P. C. (2001). Effect of the aqueous extract of Leucena on the development, mitotic index, and peroxidase activity in corn seedlings. Rev Bras Fisio Veg.
Schmid, W. (1975). The micronuclei test. Mutation Research; 31:9-15.
Silva, R. C. M. O., Cunha, S. M. D., Medeiros, C. I. S., Anjos, R. M., Oliveira, H. M. B. F., Sousa, A. P., Teles, Y. C. F., & Oliveira Filho, A. A. (2020). Genotoxic potential of the metholic extract of Psidium guineense sw (Araçá verdadeiro) in oral mucosa cells. Research, Society and Development, v.9. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i5.3814.
Silva, C. G., Marinho, M. G. V., Lucena, M. F. A., & Costa, J. G. M. (2015). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in the area of Caatinga in the community of Sítio Nazaré, city of Milagres, Ceará, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, v.17, n.1, p.133-142.
Sousa, C. M. M., Silva, H. R., Vieira-Jr., G. M., Ayres, M. C. C., Da Costa, C. L. S., Araújo, D. S. & Cavalcante, L. C. D. et al. (2007). Total phenols and antioxidant activity of five medicinal plants. Quim Nova.
Ye, Y., Sun, H. & Pan, Y. (2004). Bergenin monohydrate from the rhizomae of Astilbe chinensis, Acta Cryst. C60, 397-398.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
