Relationship between passion, resilience and performance in triathlon

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7767

Keywords:

Sport Psychology; Harmonious Passion; Obsessive Passion; Resilience; Individual sport.

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the relationship between passion, resilience, and performance in triathletes. The sample was composed of 78 male athletes ( age = 36.97 ± 10.29 years), participating in two national-level competitions which took place in 2018. Instruments used were an identification sheet, the Passion Scale (PS), and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Athletes’ performance was obtained by their total time in the race. Data analysis was performed through R software (version 3.6.3), using the Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney’s U, Spearman correlation coefficient and Binomial Logistic Regression tests, with significance level of p<0.05. Results showed that triathletes had higher levels of harmonious (Md=5.83) rather than obsessive passion (Md=3.33) (p<0.05). Better-ranked individuals were younger (p<0.01) and more passionate about the sport (p=0.03). Harmonious passion presented a positive and moderate correlation with resilience (r=0.39). Older athletes showed smaller chances to obtain better performances (OR=0.80) whereas athletes more experienced on their sport showed greater chances (OR=1.25) (p<0.01). Obsessive passion presented a non-significant positive influence on performance (OR=1.74; p=0.07). It was concluded that athletes’ age may negatively influence performance whereas the time of practice and obsessive passion may positively influence it. Nevertheless, only harmonious passion seems to be able to aid the athlete in becoming more resilient.

Author Biographies

Diego Galdino França, Universidade Estadual de Maringá

Graduado em Educação Física - Bacharelado pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM). Possui experiência em pesquisa na área de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercício Físico. Participa do Grupo de Estudos de Psicologia do Esporte e Desempenho Humano (GEPEDH/UEM/CNPq). Possui interesse nas áreas de Psicologia, Neurociências e Estatística.

Renan Codonhato, Universidade Estadual de Maringá

Mestre em Educação Física pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Bacharel em Educação Física pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá com Sanduíche na University of Missouri - Columbia. Membro do Grupo de Estudos de Psicologia do Esporte e Desempenho Humano (GEPEDH/UEM/CNPq).

Lenamar Fiorese, Universidade Estadual de Maringá

Possui Graduação em Educação Física pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá (1982), Formação em Psicologia pelo Centro de Ensino Superior de Maringá (2010), Mestrado e Doutorado em Ciência do Movimento Humano pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (1990-1993 e 1995-1999). Participou como visiting scholar na Indiana University-USA (1997). Pós Doutorado na UFSC (2012-2014). Ex-Atleta da seleção brasileira de handebol (1983-1987). Membro do Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro nos Jogos Olímpicos de Sidney-2000 e Rio-2016. Atualmente é Professora de nível Associado da Universidade Estadual de Maringá-PR. Professora do Programa Associado de Pós graduação em Educação Física UEM/UEL. É revisor de vários periódicos e membro do corpo editorial da Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e desempenho humano, da Revista da Educação Física/UEM e da Revista Psicologia Del Deporte. Publicou 162 artigos em periódicos nacionais e internacionais e 21 capítulos de livros. Orientou 8 teses de doutorado, 19 dissertações de mestrado, 35 trabalhos de iniciação cientifica e 60 trabalhos de conclusão de curso nas áreas de educação física e psicologia. Participou e coordenou 37 projetos de Educação física durante os anos de 1993-2017. Atualmente coordena 1 projeto de pesquisa e participa de 2 projetos de pesquisa. Recebeu 10 prêmios e títulos por trabalhos científicos e atuações profissionais. É líder do grupo de pesquisa GEPEDH (Grupo de Estudos de Psicologia do Esporte e Desempenho humano). Tem experiência em psicologia aplicada ao esporte e atua na consultoria de atletas, treinadores, equipes e seleções de várias modalidades. Adicionalmente atuou como membro assessor da seleção brasileira de Ginástica Ritmica (2000 à 2017), participando de Jogos Olímpicos, Campeonatos mundiais e copas do mundo. . Atua na área de Educação Física e Psicologia, pesquisando principalmente os seguintes temas: Desempenho motor e Psicologia do Esporte. Atualmente é Bolsa Produtividade em Pesquisa pela Fundação Araucária-PR.

References

American Psychological Association [APA]. (2020). Building your resilience. http://www.apa.org/topics/resilience.

Amiot, C. E., Vallerand, R. J., & Blachard, C. M. (2006). Passion and psychological adjustment: A test of the person-environment fit hypothesis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(2), 220-229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205280250.

Bayköse, N., Yavuz, S. C., Keskin, P., & Kilinç, M. (2017). Sporcularda benlik saygısı ve tutkunluğun psikolojik sağlamlığı yordama da ki rolü: bir yapısal eşitlik modeli uygulaması [The role of self–esteem and passion in determining resilience in athletes: an application of structural equation modelling]. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences, 3(4), 169-177. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.327186.

Belem, I. C., Santos, V. A. P. dos., Caruzzo, N. M., Rigoni, P. A. G., Both, J., & Vieira, J. L. L. (2017). What coping strategies are used for athletes of MMA more resilient to stress? Journal of Physical Education, 28(1), Article e-2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v28i1.2843.

Bitencourt, V., & Nogueira, L. (2006). Triathlon: Ironman. In L. Dacosta (Ed.), Atlas do esporte no Brasil (pp. 309-311). CONFEF.

Campbell-Sills, L. & Stein, M. B. (2007). Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): Validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(6), 1019-1028. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20271.

Caruzzo, A. M., Contreira, A. R., Caruzzo, N. M., Ribas, M. L., Lima, A. M. de., Codonhato, R., & Fiorese, L. (2020). Passion in sport: A systematic review in the context of individual modalities. Research, Society and Development, 9(8), Article e186985513. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5513.

Cid, L., Silva, A., Monteiro, D., Louro, H., & Moutão, J. (2016). Paixão, motivação e rendimento dos atletas de natação. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 11(1), 53-58. Disponível em: https://www.riped-online.com/portuguese/abstract/passion-motivation-and-performance-of-swimming-athletes-18808.html.

Clohessy, T., Whelan, E., & Paradis, K. F. (in press). Does passion for physical activity spillover into performance at work? Examining the direct and indirect effects of passion and life satisfaction on organisational performance and innovativeness. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2020.1766537.

Codonhato, R. (2017). Resiliência, estresse e lesões no contexto da ginástica rítmica de elite [Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Estadual de Maringá]. Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/5698.

Codonhato, R., Vissoci, J. R. N., Nascimento Junior, J. R. A. do., Mizoguchi, M. V., & Fiorese, L. (2018). Impact of resilience on stress and recovery in athletes. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 24(5), 352-356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182405170328.

Curran, T., Hill, A. P., Appleton, P. R., Vallerand, R. J., & Standage, M. (2015). The psychology of passion: A meta-analytical review of a decade of research on intrapersonal outcomes. Motivation and Emotion, 39(5), 631-655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9503-0.

de la Vega, R., Parastatidou, I. S., Ruíz-Barquín, R., & Szabo, A. (2016). Exercise addiction in athletes and leisure exercisers: The moderating role of passion. Journal of behavioral addictions, 5(2), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.043.

Donaldson, S. I., Dollwet, M., & Rao, M. A. (2015). Happiness, excellence, and optimal human functioning revisited: examining the peer-reviewed literature linked to positive psychology. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.943801.

Fisher, R., Merlot, E., & Johnson, L. (2018). The obsessive and harmonious nature of entrepreneurial passion. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 24(1), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2017-0011.

Galli, N., & Vealey, R. S. (2008). “Bouncing back” from adversity: athletes’ experiences of resilience. The Sport Psychologist, 22, 316-335. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.3.316.

Garcia, W. F., Codonhato, R., Mizoguchi, M. V., Nascimento Junior, R. A do., Aizava, P. V. S., Ribas, M. L., Caruzzo, A. M., Vissoci, J. R. N., & Fiorese, L. (2019). Dispositional flow and performance in brazilian triathletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2136. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02136.

García-Secades, X., Molinero, O., Ruíz Barquín, R., Salguero, A., de la Vega, R., & Marquez, S. (2017). Resiliencia y recuperación-estrés en deportistas de competición. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 17(2), 73-80. http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1578-84232017000200008.

González, S. P., Whitney, E., Moore, G., Newton, M., & Galli, N. A. (2016). Validity and reliability of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in competitive sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 23, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.10.005.

Ironman. (2019). Ironman World Championship. https://www.ironman.com/im-world-championship-results.

Katch, V. L., Mcardle, W. D., & Katch, F. I. (2011). Essentials of exercise physiology (4th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Kent, S., Kingston, K., & Paradis, K. F. (2018). The relationship between passion, basic psychological needs satisfaction and athlete burnout: Examining direct and indirect effects. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 12(1), 75-96. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0030.

Kleanthous, M. (2016). The complete book of triathlon (3rd ed.). Meyer & Meyer Sport.

Lalande, D., Vallerand, R. J., Lafrenière, M. A. K., Verner-Filion, J., Laurent, F. A., Forest, J., & Paquet, Y. (2017). Obsessive passion: A compensatory response to unsatisfied needs. Journal of Personality, 85(2), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12229.

Lopes, V. R., & Martins, M. do C. F. (2011). Validação fatorial da Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson (Cd-Risc-10) para brasileiros. Revista Psicologia, Organizações e Trabalho, 11(2), 36-50. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-66572011000200004.

Luth, M. T., Flinchbaugh, C. L., & Ross, J. (2017). On the bike and in the cubicle: The role of passion and regulatory focus in cycling and work satisfaction. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.10.003.

Luthar, S. S. (2015). Resilience in development: A synthesis of research across five decades. In D. Cicchetti, & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: volume three: risk, disorder, and adaptation (2nd ed., pp. 739-795). John Wiley & Sons.

Marsh, H. W., Vallerand, R. J., Lafrenière, M.-A. K., Parker, P., Morin, A. J. S., Carbonneau, N., Jowett, S., Bureau, J. S., Fernet, C., Guay, F., Salah Abduljabbar, A., & Paquet, Y. (2013). Passion: Does one scale fit all? Construct validity of two-factor passion scale and psychometric invariance over different activities and languages. Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 796–809. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032573.

Maxcy, J., Wicker, P., & Prinz, J. (2019). Happiness as a Reward for Torture: Is Participation in a Long-Distance Triathlon a Rational Choice? Journal of Sports Economics, 20(2), 177–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002518758144.

Prates, M. E. F., Vieira, L. F., & Rinaldi, I. E. B. (2019). Adaptação e propriedades psicométricas da escala da paixão para docentes. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e esporte, 33(2), 227-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-5509201900020227.

R Core Team. (2020). R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/.

RStudio Team. (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC. http://www.rstudio.com/.

Salama-Younes, M. (2011). Towards a positive sport psychology: a prospective investigation in physical practice. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 4(2), 104-115. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1b69/f8da96b424c1ba2a3ba288534e1a9f4e2a19.pdf.

Torman, V. B. L., Coster, R., & Riboldi, J. (2012). Normalidade de variáveis: Métodos de verificação e comparação de alguns testes não-paramétricos por simulação. Clinical & Biomedical Research, 32(2), 227-234. https://seer.ufrgs.br/hcpa/article/view/29874.

Vallerand, R. J. (2015). The psychology of passion: a dualistic model. Oxford University Press.

Vallerand, R. J., Mageau, G. A., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M., Blanchard, C., Koestner, R., Gagné, M., & Marsolais, J. (2003). Les passions de l’âme: On obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(4), 756–767. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.756.

Verner-Filion, J., & Vallerand, R, J. (2018). A longitudinal examination of elite youth soccer players: The role of passion and basic need satisfaction in athletes' optimal functioning. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 39, 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.07.005.

Verner-Filion, J., Schellenberg, B. J. I., Rapaport, M., Bélanger, J. J., & Vallerand, R. J. (2018). “The thrill of victory… and the agony of defeat”: Passion and emotional reactions to success and failure among recreational golfers. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 40(5), 280-283. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2017-0316.

Verner-Filion, J., Vallerand, R. J., Amiot, C. E., & Mocanu, I. (2017). The two roads from passion to sport performance and psychological well-being: The mediating role of need satisfaction, deliberate practice, and achievement goals. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 30, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.01.009.

Wagstaff, C. R. D., Hings, R. F., Larner, R. J., & Fletcher, D. (2018). Psychological resilience moderates the relationship between organizational stressor frequency and burnout in athletes and coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 32(3), 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0068.

Published

02/09/2020

How to Cite

FRANÇA, D. G.; CODONHATO, R.; FIORESE, L. Relationship between passion, resilience and performance in triathlon. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 9, p. e666997767, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7767. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/7767. Acesso em: 20 apr. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences