Seasonality in mammalian reproduction: a review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8236Keywords:
Circadian Rhythm; Gonadotropins; Melatonin; Photoperiod.Abstract
Some factors related to the external environment directly or indirectly influence the animals, causing them to exhibit specific characteristics in their reproductive physiology. Among the environmental variables, there is the daily photoperiod, which allows classifying the seasonal species in short- day animals (buffaloes and small ruminants) and long-day (horses). Thus, in these species the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is modulated by the action of melatonin that is released in concentrations proportional to light intensity. Melatonin influences the release direct of GnRH and indirect of gonadotropins (FSH and LH), as well as gametogenesis influence, the synthesis of sex hormones and sexual behavior. The aim of this review is to evaluate the influence of photoperiod on reproductive physiology, analyzing the effects of circadian rhythm and the physiological aspects of melatonin in the regulation and modulation of animal reproduction.
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