Socio-environmental factors and prevalence of enteroparasites in hemodialysis patients in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso state, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8738Keywords:
Parasites; Hemodialysis; Renal insufficiency, Chronic; Cross-sectional studies.Abstract
Hemodialysis patients due to their reduced immune system are easily affected by enteroparasites, which lead to a worsening of the health status of these individuals. The aim of this research was to identify the prevalence of enteroparasites in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and possible associations with socioenvironmental factors. This is a cross-sectional study with 53 patients. Pearson's chi-square (x²) and Odds Ratio (OR) tests were used for association analysis. Coprological examinations were analyzed using the techniques of Hoffman and Sheather. The positivity of enteroparasites reached 92.5%, with Blastocystis sp. the most prevalent (95.9%). Regarding helminths, only Ascaris lumbricoides was found (4.1%). Mixed infections appeared in 53% of cases. The most common double association was between Blastocystis sp. and Endolimax nana, observed in 22.4% of cases. Our results showed a high prevalence of protozoa with worrying repercussions for the health of these patients, such as Cryptosporidium sp., Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica, showing the need for strategies to prevent parasitic infections and appropriate interventions in hemodialysis patients.
References
Alcalde, P. R., & Kirsztajn, G. M. (2018). Gastos do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro com doença renal crônica. J. Bras. Nefrol., 40(2), 122-129.
Alfellani, M. A., Rune, C., Stensvold, A., Lapiedrac, V., Onuohad, E. S., Fagbenro-Beyiokud, A. F., et al. (2013). Variable geographic distribution of Blastocystis subtypes and its potential implications. Act Tropic, 126(1), 11–8.
Ali, M. S., Mahmoud, L. A., Abaza, B. E., Ramadan, M. A. (2000). Intestinal spore-forming protozoa among patients suffering from renal failure. J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 30(1), 93-100.
Ankarklev, J., Jerlstrom-Hultgvist, J., Ringgvist, E., Troell, K., Svard, S. G. (2010). Behind the smile: cell biology and disease mechanisms of giardia species. Nat Rev Microbiol, 8(6), 413-22.
ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network. (2010). Laboratory-based surveillance for Cryptosporidium in France, 2006-2009. Euro Surveill, 15(33):19642.
Barazesh, A., Fouladvand, M., Tahmasebi, R., Heydari, A., Fallahi, J. (2015). The prevalence of intestinal parasites in hemodialysis patients in Bushehr, Iran. Hemodial Int, 19(3), 447-51.
Bastos, M. G., Bregman, R., & Kirsztajn, G. M. (2010). Doença renal crônica: frequente e grave, mas também prevenível e tratável. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 56(2), 248-253.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Gabinete do Ministro. (2014). Portaria nº 252/GM/MS, de 19 de fevereiro de 2013, que institui a Rede de Atenção à Saúde das Pessoas com Doenças Crônicas no âmbito do SUS. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, 13 març.
Chalmers, R. M., Katzer, F. (2013). Looking for cryptosporidium: the application of advances in detection and diagnosis. Trends Parasitol, 29(5), 237-51.
Coutinho, M., Campos, Z, Mourão, G., Mauro, R. (1997). Aspectos ecológicos dos vertebrados terrestres e semi-aquáticos no Pantanal. In: Brasil. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, dos Recursos Hídricos e da Amazônia Legal. Plano de conservação da Bacia do Alto Paraguai (Pantanal) - PCBAP: diagnóstico dos meios físicos e bióticos: meio biótico. Brasília, 2 (3), 183-322.
D’Alfonso, R., Santoro, M., Essi, D., Monsia, A., Kaboré, Y., Glé, C., et al. (2017). Blastocystis in Côte d’Ivoire: molecular identification and epidemiological data. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 36(11):2243-50.
de Oliveira, S. A., Santos, S. D. F. O., & García-Zapata, M. T. A. (2013). Parasitos oportunistas intestinais em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise-revisão sistemática da literatura. Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem, 15(4), 1043-51.
El-kady, A. M., Fahmi, Y., Tolba, M., Hashim, A. K. A., & Hassan, A. A. (2018). Cryptosporidium infection in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis in Egypt. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 42(4), 630-635.
Ferreira-Filho, S. R., Braga, F. C. C., As, D. M., Nunes, E. B., Soares, J. S. P., Padovese, S. M., et al. (2011). Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar infection in chronic hemodialysis patients. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 22(2):237-44.
Gil, F. F., Barros, M. J., Macedo, N. A., Júnior, C. G. E., Redoan, R., Busatti, H., et al. (2013). Prevalence of intestinal parasitism and associated symptomatology among hemodialysis patients. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 55(2):69-74.
Hawash, Y. A., Dorgham, L. S., Amir, E. M., Sharaf, O. F. (2015). Prevalence of intestinal protozoa among Saudi patients with chronic renal failure: a case-control study. J Trop Medi, 2015:563478.
Hoffman, W. A., Pons, J. A., Janner, J. L. (1934). The sedimentation concentration method in Schistosomiasis mansoni. J Public Health Trop Med, 9:283-91.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2010) Censo demográfico 2010 [Internet]. Brasília: IBGE. Recuperado de http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br.
Karadag, G., Tamer, G. S., Dervisoglu, E. (2013). Investigation of intestinal parasites in dialysis patients. Saudi Med J, 34(7):714-8.
Kulik, R. A., Falavigna, D. L. M., Nishi, L., & Araujo, S. M. (2008). Blastocystis sp. and other intestinal parasites in hemodialysis patients. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12(4), 338-341.
Omrani, V. F., Fallahi, S., Rostami, A., Siyadatpanah, A., Barzgarpour, G., Mehravar, S., et al. (2015). Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated clinical symptoms among patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Infection, 43(5):537-44.
Osei-Atweneboana, M. Y., Lustigman, S., Prichard, R. K., Boatin, B. A., Basañez, M. G. (2012). A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: health research and capacity building in disease-endemic countries for helminthiases control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6(4):e1602.
Popruk, S., Udonsom, R., Koompapong, K., Mahittikorn, A., Kusolsuk, T., Ruangsittichai, J., et al. (2015). Subtype distribution of Blastocystis in Thai-Myanmar Border, Thailand. Korean J Parasitol, 53(1):13-9.
Rasti, S., Hassanzadeh, M., Hooshyar, H., Momen-Heravi, M., Mousavi, S. G. A., & Abdoli, A. (2017). Intestinal parasitic infections in different groups of immunocompromised patients in Kashan and Qom cities, central Iran. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 52(6-7), 738-741.
Rebolla, M. F.. Silva, E. M., Gomes, J. F., Falcão, A. X., Rebolla, M. V., Franco, R. M. (2016). High prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infection In children and staff members attending public urban schools in São Paulo state, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo, 58:31-8.
Rezende, H. H. A., Avelar, J. B., Storchilo, H. R., Vinaud, M. C., & Castro, A. M. D. (2015). Evaluation of the accuracy of parasitological techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in cats. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 24(4), 471-474.
Scanlan, P. D., Knight, R., Song, S. J., Ackermann, G., Cotter, P. D. (2016). Prevalence and genetic diversity of blastocystis in family units living in the United States. Infect Genet Evol, 45:95-7.
Seguí, R., Klisiowicz, D., Oishi, C. Y., Toledo, R., Esteban, J. G., Muñoz-Antoli, C. (2017) Intestinal symptoms and Blastocystis load in schoolchildren of Paranaguá Bay, Paraná, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo,59:e86.
Sela, S., Shurtz-Swirski, R., Cohen-Mazor, M., Mazor, R., Chezar, J., Shapiro, G., et al. (2005). Primed peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte: a culprit underlying chronic low-grade inflammation and systemic oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 16(8):2431-8.
Sesso, R. C., Lopes, A. A., Thomé, F. S., Lugon, J. R., Martins, C. T. (2017). Inquérito brasileiro de diálise crônica. J Bras Nefrol, 39(3):261-6.
Sheather, A. L. (1923). The detection of intestinal protozoa and mange parasites by a flotation technique. J Comp Pathol, 36:266-75.
Shehata, A. I., Hassanein, F., & Abdul-Ghani, R. (2019). Opportunistic parasitoses among Egyptian hemodialysis patients in relation to CD4+ T-cell counts: a comparative study. BMC infectious diseases, 19(1), 480.
Taghipour, A., Olfatifar, M., Rostami, A., Foroutan, M., Vasigala, V., & Norouzi, M. (2020). Intestinal parasites in hemodialysis patients from developing countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Hemodialysis International, 24(1), 12-21.
Uysal, S., Tunali, V., Öztürk, E. A., Ardeniz, Ö., Tasbakan, M. I., Pullukçu, H. & Arda, B. (2016). Incidence of parasitic diarrhea in patients with common variable immune deficiency. Türkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi, 40(2), 67.
Vanathy, K., Parija, S. C., Mandal, J., Hamide, A., & Krishnamurthy, S. (2017). Cryptosporidiosis: A mini review. Tropical parasitology, 7(2), 72.
Wawrzyniak, I., Poirier, P., Viscogliosi, E., Dionigia, M., Texier, C., Delbac, F., & Alaoui, H. E. (2013). Blastocystis, an unrecognized parasite: an overview of pathogenesis and diagnosis. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 1(5), 167-178.
Zanetti, A. S., Malheiros, A. F., De Matos, T. A., Longhi, F. G., Moreira, L. M., Silva, S. L., ... & Espinosa, O. A. (2020). Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infection in several hosts in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasites & vectors, 13(1), 1-15.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Bianca Teshima de Alencar; Andernice dos Santos Zanetti ; Shaiana Hartwig Vilella; Marta dos Santos Miranda de Araújo; Larissa Nayara Lima Silva ; Rafael Teshima de Alencar; Omar Ariel Espinosa ; Antonio Francisco Malheiros
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
